The fruit book

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题目与答案

1. A description of Shanley’s initial data collection
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：But six years of field research yielded a mass of data on their flowering and fruiting behaviour. During 1993 and 1994, 30 families weighed everything they used from the forest - game, fruit, fibre, medicinal plants - and documented its source

   同义替换：「initial data collection」↔「yielded a mass of data」，「description」↔「documented」

2. Why a government official also contributes to the book
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：Its blend of hard science and local knowledge on the use and trade of 35 native forest species has been so well received (and well used) that no less a dignitary than Brazil’s environment minister, Marina Silva, has written the foreword

   同义替换：「government official」↔「minister」，「contributes to the book」↔「written the foreword」，「why」↔「so well received」

3. Reasons why the community asked Shanley to conduct the research
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：The Rural Workers’ Union wanted to know whether harvesting wild fruits would make economic sense in the Rio Capim. “There was a lot of interest in trading non-timber forest products (NTFPs),” Shanley says. At the time, environmental groups and green-minded businesses were promoting the idea. This was the view presented in a seminal paper, Valuation of an Amazonian Rainforest, published in Nature in 1989. The researchers had calculated that revenues from the sale of fruits could far exceed those from a one-off sale of trees to loggers. “The union was keen to discover whether it made more sense conserving the forest for subsistence use and the possible sale of fruit, game, and medicinal plants, than selling trees for timber

   同义替换：「community」↔「Union」，「asked Shanley to conduct research」↔「keen to discover」，「reasons」↔「whether it made economic sense」

4. Reference to the starting point of her research
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：Shanley’s work on the book began a decade ago, with a plea for help from the Rural Workers’ Union of Paragominas

   同义替换：「starting point」↔「began a decade ago」，「research」↔「work」，「reference to」↔「described」

5. Two factors that alter food consumption patterns
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：E

   原文定位：After three logging sales and a major fire in 1997, the researchers were also able to study the ecosystem's reaction to logging and disturbance. They carried out a similar, though less exhaustive, study in 1999, this time with 15 families. The changes were striking. Average annual household consumption of forest fruit had fallen from 89 to 28 kilogrammes between 1993 and 1999. “What we found,” says Shanley, “was that fruit collection could coexist with a certain amount of logging, but after the forest fire it dropped dramatically.” Over the same period, fibre use also dropped

   同义替换：「alter」↔「changed」，「food consumption patterns」↔「diet」

6. Why the book is successful
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：I

   原文定位：Its success is largely due to the fact that people with poor literacy skills can understand much of the information it contains about the non-timber forest products, thanks to its illustrations, anecdotes, stories and songs

   同义替换：「why the book is successful」↔「success is largely due to」，「reasons」↔「thanks to」

7. Forest fire has caused local villagers to consume less:

   33_____

   34_____

   Game

   答案：fruit|||fibre

   原文定位：Average annual household consumption of forest fruit had fallen from 89 to 28 kilogrammes;Over the same period, fibre use also dropped from around 20 to 4 kilogrammes

   同义替换：「less」↔「fallen」

8. There is the least amount of game hunted under 35_____ yield is also 36_____ .

   答案：uxi|||unpredictable

   原文定位：Under copaiba, they caught just two species averaging 63 kilogrammes; and under uxi, four species weighing 38 kilogrammes;Fruiting patterns of trees such as uxi were unpredictable

   同义替换：「least amount of game」↔「uxi」，「yield」↔「fruiting patterns」

9. Thus, it is more reasonable to keep 37_____ .

   答案：piquia

   原文定位：This showed that selling piquia trees to loggers for a few dollars made little sense,” explains Shanley. “Their local value lies in providing a prized fruit, as well as flowers which attract more game than any other species

   同义替换：「keep」↔「protect」，「more reasonable」↔「made little sense to sell」

10. All the trees can also be used for 38_____ besides selling them to loggers.

    答案：subsistence

    原文定位：This is not to say that wild fruit trees were unimportant. On the contrary, argues Shanley, they are critical for subsistence

    同义替换：「be used for」↔「critical for」，「besides selling to loggers」↔「not for timber」

11. But this is often ignored, because most researches usually focus on the 39_____ of the trees.

    答案：commercial potential

    原文定位：This is not to say that wild fruit trees were unimportant. On the contrary, argues Shanley, they are critical for subsistence, something that is often ignored in much of the current research on NTFPs, which tends to focus on their commercial potential

12. The purpose of the book:

    To give information about 40_____ .

    答案：NTFPs

    原文定位：people with poor literacy skills can understand much of the information it contains about the non-timber forest products, thanks to its illustrations, anecdotes, stories and songs. “The book doesn’t tell people what to do,” says Shanley, “but it does provide them with choices.” The caboclos who have used the book now have a much better understanding of which trees to sell to the loggers, and which to protect

    同义替换：「purpose of the book」↔「provide information」