The Dunedin study

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题目与答案

1. 27 What does the writer say about Dunedin in the 1970s?
   • It was the safest city in the country.
   • It was less prosperous than other cities.
   • Many people were frustrated that they could not find a job.
   • It was wealthy and seen as an ideal place to raise children.

   答案：It was wealthy and seen as an ideal place to raise children.

   原文定位：There was next to no unemployment and people left their doors unlocked at night. New Zealand was then the ninth richest country in the world and many residents believed that, as a place to bring up children, this was a city without rival

   同义替换：「wealthy」↔「the ninth richest country in the world」，「ideal place to raise children」↔「a city without rival」

2. 28 What did the writer find surprising about Phil Silva’s original study?
   • That the study was held in a church
   • That the tests took half a day
   • That 91% of parents agreed to help
   • That the study used volunteers

   答案：That 91% of parents agreed to help

   原文定位：Incredibly, no fewer than 91% agreed to help and 1,037 three-year-olds completed half a day of tests and experiments

   同义替换：「surprising」↔「Incredibly」

3. 29 What was Silva's main finding in 1978?
   • Children had excellent language.
   • Many children had developmental problems.
   • No children had ear problems.
   • All children were healthy.

   答案：Many children had developmental problems.

   原文定位：By 1978, Silva was able to shock the nation with his findings: one in four children had delayed language development; 15% had ear problems; the researchers had identified one child who was blind and another who might have died from undetected skin cancer

   同义替换：「many children had developmental problems」↔「delayed language development」

4. 30 What was different about the first and second studies?
   • The sample group was smaller in the first study.
   • The second study produced conflicting results.
   • Helpers were not used in the second study.
   • The second study collected additional types of information.

   答案：The second study collected additional types of information.

   原文定位：The data gathered at age three was updated and new measurement criteria - discipline, nutrition, dental health - were introduced

   同义替换：「collected additional types of information」↔「new measurement criteria - discipline, nutrition, dental health - were introduced」

5. 31 What problem did Silva face when conducting the original study?
   • A shortage of helpers.
   • A lack of available funding.
   • The bad behaviour of some children.
   • The poor language skills of the participants.

   答案：A lack of available funding.

   原文定位：There was precious little money at Silva's disposal, so the assessments were done in a church with the help of dozens of volunteers

   同义替换：「A lack of available funding」↔「precious little money」

6. 32 Why does the writer mention the new building in the fourth paragraph?
   • To show how generous project funding had become.
   • To show that the study was being taken seriously.
   • To emphasise the temporary nature of the facilities.
   • To highlight that the children disliked the site.

   答案：To show that the study was being taken seriously.

   原文定位：Crucially for the study's survival, the politicians were finally starting to take note and government funding began to trickle in;its acquisition represented a landmark in the study's development

   同义替换：「being taken seriously」↔「politicians were finally starting to take note」

7. 33 Recent results suggest that intellectual development and birth weight are linked.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：although the amount a newborn infant weighs is associated with IQ

   同义替换：「intellectual development」↔「IQ」，「birth weight」↔「newborn infant weighs」，「are linked」↔「is associated with」

8. 34 Medical textbooks used to claim that breast-fed children were more intelligent.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Paediatric textbooks had insisted for years that breast-feeding protected against medical problems like asthma and allergies

9. 35 Children who suck their thumbs are prone to developmental problems.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Other findings that challenged the received wisdom include the fact that thumb-sucking does no harm

   同义替换：「prone to developmental problems」↔「does no harm」

10. 36 The findings of the Dunedin study have challenged some doctors’ preconceptions.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：YES

    原文定位：Along the way, the Dunedin researchers have been able to contradict old assumptions and explode medical myths long held by the profession

    同义替换：「challenged」↔「contradict」，「doctors’ preconceptions」↔「medical myths long held by the profession」

11. A model study

    The success of the Dunedin project has been put down to two principal factors: good fortune and Phil Silva's methodology. The demographics of Dunedin mean that residents feel committed to the study, and that it also provides 37_____ that can be applied both nationally and internationally,
    • generalisable research
    • study members
    • government funding
    • assessments
    • loyalty
    • barriers to involvement

    答案：generalisable research

    原文定位：It is large enough to produce a study population that produces findings that can be generalised to New Zealand and other developed countries

    同义替换：「applied both nationally and internationally」↔「can be generalised to New Zealand and other developed countries」，「generalisable research」↔「can be generalised」

12. but even more important was Silva's conviction that the 38_____ must be looked after;
    • generalisable research
    • study members
    • government funding
    • assessments
    • loyalty
    • barriers to involvement

    答案：study members

    原文定位：He realised the most important asset they had was the sample group and these people must be nurtured at all costs

    同义替换：「looked after」↔「nurtured」，「these people」↔「study members」

13. nothing should be done to threaten the study's 39_____ and as a result Silva is cautious when questioned,
    • generalisable research
    • study members
    • government funding
    • assessments
    • loyalty
    • barriers to involvement

    答案：loyalty

    原文定位：nothing must erode the trust that's been built up over the years

    同义替换：「threaten」↔「erode」，「trust」↔「loyalty」

14. and a lot of work is done to minimise 40_____ in order to ensure that the study continues into the future.
    • generalisable research
    • study members
    • government funding
    • assessments
    • loyalty
    • barriers to involvement

    答案：barriers to involvement

    原文定位：This is just one example of the enormous effort that goes into maintaining contact and removing obstacles to participation

    同义替换：「minimise」↔「removing」，「barriers to involvement」↔「obstacles to participation」