The development of plastics

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题目与答案

1. Early types of Plastics

   | Name | Date | Country of origin | Properties | Common uses |

   | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

   | Celluloid | 1860s | USA | can be soften and reshaped by heat | ·billiard balls(original use) ·cutlery ·1_____ |

   | 2_____ | 1907 | USA | can`t be softened after setting; good insulator; resistant to water and acid | ·3_____ ·household ·object |

   | Polythene | 1930s | 4_____ | can be softened and reshaped by heat | ·bottles ·pipes ·plastic bags |

   | Polypropylene | 1950s | | can be softened and reshaped by heat | ·bottles ·pipes ·plastic bags |

   | Rigid PVC | | | is 5_____ | ·external piping |

   | Soft PVC | | | | ·outdoor clothing |

   | Polystyrene | 1930s | Germany | resembles 6_____ | ·food containers ·toy |

   | Polyurethane | | Germany | usually manufactured as a 7_____ | |

   答案：photographic film|||Bakelite|||electrical switches|||Britain|||fireproof|||glass|||foam

   原文定位：But perhaps the best-known celluloid product was photographic film, without which the film industry could never have taken off at the end of the 19th century;Baekeland called it Bakelite, and it was the first of the thermosets;With these properties it was soon being used in the manufacture of electrical switches as well as a variety of domestic items;In the 1930s, chemists in Britain discovered that the gas ethylene would polymerize;they called polythene;produced rigid PVC (polyvinyl chloride), a fireproof plastic suitable for drains and gutters;Polystyrene, a hard, clear material like glass, was developed during the 1930s in Germany;Polyurethane, developed in the same country, was commonly produced as a foam

   同义替换：「common uses」↔「applications」，「name」↔「called it」，「resembles」↔「like」，「manufactured」↔「produced」

2. 10 Celluloid and Bakelite react to heat in the same way.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Celluloid can be repeatedly softened and reshaped by heat;Bakelite;cannot be softened by heat and reshaped once they have set

   同义替换：「react to」↔「softened and reshaped by」

3. 11 The mix of different varieties of plastic can make the recycling more difficult.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Nor is it very easy to recycle plastics, as different types of plastic are often found in the same items and call for different treatments

   同义替换：「mix of different varieties」↔「different types of」，「more difficult」↔「Nor is it very easy to」

4. 12 Adding starch into plastic can make plastic more durable.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Plastics can be made biodegradable by incorporating into their structure a material such as starch, which is attacked by bacteria and causes the plastic to fall apart

   同义替换：「Adding」↔「incorporating」，「durable」↔「fall apart」

5. 13 Some plastic containers have to be preserved in special conditions.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：bottles made of such materials have to be stored in the dark, to ensure they do not disintegrate before they have been used

   同义替换：「containers」↔「bottles」，「preserved」↔「stored」，「special conditions」↔「in the dark」

6. 8 The chemical structure of plastic is very different from that of rubber.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The first plastics were developed as a substitute for natural rubber. Chemically, rubber is a polymer - a compound containing large molecules that are formed by the bonding of many smaller, simpler units, repeated over and over again. The same bonding principle polymerization - is the basis of the creation of a huge range of plastics by the chemical industry

   同义替换：「chemical structure」↔「bonding principle」，「very different from」↔「same」

7. 9 John Wesley was a famous chemist.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：The prize was won by John Wesley Hyatt, with a material called celluloid