# Absence from work - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 最近考试：2021.9.25/2020.8.1/2019.9.14Asia/2019.5.18/2018.4.21Asia/2015.8.29/2015.5.18 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/1c2b6a6f-04ae-4d5a-b0d7-8d38b149c48c（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,260 Now turn to section four on page seven. 00:00:05,820 Section four. 00:00:07,820 You will hear part of a presentation given by a business student on an assignment about absence from work. First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty on page seven. 00:01:12,660 Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:01:20,180 Hello, everyone. For my assignment, I did a review of the literature concerning absence in the workplace, and I'm going to present a summary of what I found. 00:01:29,600 I looked at some research on absence from work, that is, the number of days worked people miss for various reasons. Researchers refer to two types of absence: frequent absence, which is obviously a more serious problem, and occasional absence. 00:01:46,080 A lot of studies look at the factors involved in absence from work, and several have been identified. Firstly, the gender of the employee may influence his or her ability to attend work. For example, a female is more likely to have childcare responsibility and so could be absent as a result of that. The next factor that has been identified is the attitude of employees toward their work. But there has been a lot of debate about the extent to which this actually does influence absence, and some people argue that the research hasn't been conclusive. 00:02:23,140 Some researchers have suggested that another reason for high levels of absence is that some organizations have a culture in which absence is accepted, but others have criticized this model, arguing that it's too much of a generalization. 00:02:38,580 And then there are factors related to the type of work the employee does. It's been claimed that workers in industry are more likely to have high absence rates than people who work in offices. It's also important to recognize that groups within a single organization might behave differently. For example, one of the other underlying themes in the literature is that there is a connection between how often an employee is absent and what size of work group he or she belongs to. Specifically, it's been found that the bigger the group, the higher the levels of absence. 00:03:19,360 On a related theme, some writers have focused on a comparison between public sector organizations and private sector ones. There is some evidence that absence levels are higher in the public sector. It's not exactly clear why this should be the case, but one explanation that has been often put forwards is that in some cases, public sector organizations may not be as efficient. This might be because their systems are more bureaucratic due to factors which are external rather than internal, like the degree of control the government imposes on the public sector. However, most recent literature suggests a number of other explanations. Firstly, a public sector organization tends to have a workforce which is larger. Also, it tends to employ a higher number of female and older employees, both of which groups are likely to record higher absence rates. 00:04:16,079 It is also suggested that public sector organizations are more likely to give their absent employees benefits for a longer period and are less likely to place restrictions on these. In addition, it's been found that public sector employers have less of a tendency to dismiss employees for being absent. And all of these could be additional or alternative reasons for higher absence rates in the public sector. Now, I'd like to talk about the management of absence. 00:04:48,480 That is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. Absence may be frequent or occasional. Main factors involved ·The 31_____ of employees (e.g. females are likely to have responsibility for children) Absence may be frequent or occasional. Main factors involved ·The 31_____ of employees (e.g. females are likely to have responsibility for children) **答案**：gender 原文定位：Firstly, the gender of the employee may influence his or her ability to attend work. For example, a female is more likely to have childcare responsibility and so could be absent as a result of that ### 32. ·employees' 32_____ (but the evidence ls inconclusive) ·employees' 32_____ (but the evidence ls inconclusive) **答案**：attitude 原文定位：The next factor that has been identified is the attitude of employees toward their work. But there has been a lot of debate about the extent to which this actually does influence absence, and some people argue that the research hasn't been conclusive 同义替换：「evidence」↔「research」；「inconclusive」↔「hasn't been conclusive」 ### 33. ·the 33_____ of the organization (absenteeism may be acceptable) ·the 33_____ of the organization (absenteeism may be acceptable) **答案**：culture 原文定位：Some researchers have suggested that another reason for high levels of absence is that some organizations have a culture in which absence is accepted ### 34. ·the type of work (higher absence among employees in 34_____ ) ·the type of work (higher absence among employees in 34_____ ) **答案**：industry 原文定位：It's been claimed that workers in industry are more likely to have high absence rates than people who work in offices ### 35. ·the 35_____ of an employee's work group ·the 35_____ of an employee's work group **答案**：size 原文定位：one of the other underlying themes in the literature is that there is a connection between how often an employee is absent and what size of work group he or she belongs to. Specifically, it's been found that the bigger the group, the higher the levels of absence ### 36. Public sector versus private sector Public sector has higher absence levels Possible explanation-the public sector is less 36_____ Public sector versus private sector Public sector has higher absence levels Possible explanation-the public sector is less 36_____ **答案**：efficient 原文定位：There is some evidence that absence levels are higher in the public sector. It's not exactly clear why this should be the case, but one explanation that has been often put forwards is that in some cases, public sector organizations may not be as efficient ### 37. Systems may be more bureaucratic because of 37_____ factors (e.g. state controls) Systems may be more bureaucratic because of 37_____ factors (e.g. state controls) **答案**：external 原文定位：This might be because their systems are more bureaucratic due to factors which are external rather than internal, like the degree of control the government imposes on the public sector 同义替换：「because of」↔「due to」；「state」↔「government」 ### 38. More recent literature suggests public sector organisations usually ·have a 38_____ workforce More recent literature suggests public sector organisations usually ·have a 38_____ workforce **答案**：larger 原文定位：Firstly, a public sector organization tends to have a workforce which is larger ### 39. ·have more female and more older employees ·provide 39_____ for longer, with fewer restrictions ·have more female and more older employees ·provide 39_____ for longer, with fewer restrictions **答案**：benefits 原文定位：It is also suggested that public sector organizations are more likely to give their absent employees benefits for a longer period and are less likely to place restrictions on these 同义替换：「provide」↔「give」；「fewer」↔「less」 ### 40. ·are less likely to 40_____ employees ·are less likely to 40_____ employees **答案**：dismiss 原文定位：In addition, it's been found that public sector employers have less of a tendency to dismiss employees for being absent 同义替换：「likely to」↔「tendency to」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。