Let's All be Friends

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题目与答案

1. Brian Uzzi’s research into Broadway musicals revealed that the success of a production was not determined by its subject matter or cast, but by the 27_____ of its creative team.

   答案：network

   原文定位：It made no difference whether a musical was about cats or roller-skating, or who starred in it - what mattered was the nature of the network binding its team together

2. He found that groups composed entirely of newcomers were often unsuccessful due to a lack of 28_____ .

   答案：vision

   原文定位：Teams who had never worked together, perhaps unsurprisingly, fared poorly: their 'weak' networks meant a lack of creative vision, and lots of failures

   同义替换：「groups」↔「teams」，「entirely of newcomers」↔「had never worked together」

3. Conversely, teams that had a history of working together also frequently produced 29_____ because they tended to reuse old ideas.

   答案：flops

   原文定位：And at the other extreme, teams that had worked together successfully also tended to produce flops

4. The most successful teams had a 30_____ of experienced and new members.

   答案：mix

   原文定位：Groups with exactly the right mix of new and old participants reliably produced hits

   同义替换：「the most successful teams」↔「reliably produced hits」，「experienced and new members」↔「new and old participants」

5. This balance in network 31_____ promoted effective communication and creativity.

   答案：density

   原文定位：This variation in the 'density' of the ties allowed easy communication and fostered greater creativity

   同义替换：「network」↔「ties」，「promoted」↔「fostered」

6. 32 Governments are currently very effective at using social network science.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：But maybe instead of relying on their powers of persuasion, governments should consider using the science of social networks as a tool to do this

7. 33 Bring Back Birdie was financially successful.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Bring Back Birdie, its 1981 sequel, closed after just four

8. 34 Uzzi’s study analysed musicals from the first half of the 20th century.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：He investigated 321 American musicals that were launched between 1945 and 1989

9. 35 The eating habits of a teenager can be affected by someone they have never met.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：According to network science, teenagers are more likely to adopt unhealthy eating habits if their friends' friends consume junk food, even if they don't personally know those individuals

   同义替换：「can be affected by someone they have never met」↔「even if they don't personally know those individuals」

10. 36 Investing money in central figures is guaranteed to be more cost-effective.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NO

    原文定位：However, by investing the entire sum in persuading one or two key individuals who are central to a social network, the authority could trigger a cascade effect, influencing the entire group for a fraction of the cost

11. The Implications of Network Science

    Positive use for governments:

    Can be used to improve public health initiatives, e.g., diet and 37_____.

    答案：exercise

    原文定位：The same principle could be applied to other areas, such as encouraging physical exercise or quitting smoking

12. Targeting key people in a network can create a 38_____ effect, influencing many others.

    答案：cascade

    原文定位：the authority could trigger a cascade effect, influencing the entire group for a fraction of the cost

    同义替换：「create」↔「trigger」

13. Risks and challenges:

    Networks can also spread 39_____ behaviours, like financial panic or extreme views.

    答案：harmful

    原文定位：The same mechanisms that can spread healthy behaviours can also amplify harmful ones

    同义替换：「spread」↔「amplify」

14. To use networks effectively, policymakers must understand their 40_____ .

    答案：structure

    原文定位：Understanding the precise structure of these networks;is therefore critical