# Biotechnology's third wave

- 科目：雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
- 最近考试：2026.10.18广州BC天河城
- 题目数：11
- 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/2363d5ab-3b7e-4fe6-a1ec-ebbfa76b613e（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面）
- 数据更新：2026-10-29

## 题目原文

A 
 For most of its history, biotechnology was associated with medicine and agriculture. A third wave, however, is now moving beyond hospitals and farms into factories, mines, paper mills and even clothing manufacturers. 
 
 B 
 The central agents in this third wave are enzymes, natural proteins that speed up chemical reactions. The advantage is that enzymes are highly specific: a factory can achieve a desired result with fewer unwanted by-products than traditional chemical processes usually produce. 
 
 C 
 Enzymes are not new to industry. By studying the structure of natural enzymes and altering the genes of microorganisms, scientists can produce enzymes that remain active in unusual conditions, such as extreme acidity or relatively low temperatures. 
 
 D 
 One widely cited example is the textile industry. Some manufacturers of cotton fabrics now use enzymes to perform the same task more gently. The fabric becomes smoother and brighter, while less water and energy are consumed. For consumers, the final product may appear no different, but the method of production can be far less damaging. 
 
 E 
 The paper and pulp industry has also experimented with enzyme-based processes. Conventional bleaching can involve chlorine compounds, which may produce harmful pollutants if not carefully controlled. Certain enzymes can help prepare the pulp for bleaching, reducing the amount of chlorine-based chemicals required. 
 
 F 
 A further development combines enzymes with genetic engineering. Instead of simply finding useful enzymes in nature, researchers can insert selected genes into bacteria, yeasts or fungi, turning them into miniature factories. These organisms can then produce large quantities of enzymes for commercial use. 
 
 G 
 The commercial appeal is obvious, factories may require less energy, produce less waste and rely less heavily on petroleum-based raw materials. However, critics warn that the environmental benefits are not automatic. Growing crops for bio-based products, for example, can compete with food production or lead to land-use problems if not managed carefully. 
 
 H 
 Despite these concerns, many analysts believe the third wave could bring major environmental advantages. The promise is especially attractive because it links environmental protection with profit: companies save money while improving their public image. 
 
 I 
 There remain obstacles. New biological processes must be reliable, safe and cost-effective before manufacturers will adopt them. Companies must prove that their methods do not create new risks. Nevertheless, the third wave of biotechnology is moving from the laboratory into everyday industry.

## 题目与答案

### 14. an example of a traditional manufacturing process being replaced by a gentler biological method

an example of a traditional manufacturing process being replaced by a gentler biological method

- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F

**答案**：D

原文定位：One widely cited example is the textile industry. Some manufacturers of cotton fabrics now use enzymes to perform the same task more gently

同义替换：「an example of」↔「One widely cited example is」；「gentler」↔「gently」；「biological method」↔「use enzymes」

### 15. the idea that a cleaner production method may also improve a company's commercial position

the idea that a cleaner production method may also improve a company's commercial position

- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F

**答案**：H

原文定位：The promise is especially attractive because it links environmental protection with profit: companies save money while improving their public image

同义替换：「a cleaner production method」↔「environmental protection」；「company's commercial position」↔「save money while improving their public image」

### 16. a description of organisms being modified so that they can manufacture useful substances

a description of organisms being modified so that they can manufacture useful substances

- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F

**答案**：F

原文定位：Instead of simply finding useful enzymes in nature, researchers can insert selected genes into bacteria, yeasts or fungi, turning them into miniature factories. These organisms can then produce large quantities of enzymes for commercial use

同义替换：「useful substances」↔「large quantities of enzymes for commercial use」；「manufacture」↔「produce」

### 17. a possible negative consequence of producing materials from biological resources

a possible negative consequence of producing materials from biological resources

- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F

**答案**：G

原文定位：Growing crops for bio‑based products, for example, can compete with food production or lead to land‑use problems if not managed carefully

同义替换：「producing materials from biological resources」↔「Growing crops for bio‑based products」；「possible negative consequence」↔「can compete with food production or lead to land‑use problems」

### 18-19. 18-19 According to the passage, enzymes used in industry can

18-19 According to the passage, enzymes used in industry can

- bring about changes without producing as many unwanted substances.
- operate only inside the human body.
- be adapted to function in conditions that are not normally favourable.
- remove the need for microorganisms in production.
- make all industrial processes completely waste-free.

**答案**：bring about changes without producing as many unwanted substances.,be adapted to function in conditions that are not normally favourable.

原文定位：The advantage is that enzymes are highly specific: a factory can achieve a desired result with fewer unwanted by‑products than traditional chemical processes usually produce;By studying the structure of natural enzymes and altering the genes of microorganisms, scientists can produce enzymes that remain active in unusual conditions, such as extreme acidity or relatively low temperatures

同义替换：「enzymes used in industry」↔「enzymes」；「unwanted substances」↔「unwanted by‑products」；「not normally favourable」↔「unusual conditions」；「be adapted」↔「altering the genes」

### 20-21. 20-21 Which TWO statements about the third wave of biotechnology are true according to the passage?

20-21 Which TWO statements about the third wave of biotechnology are true according to the passage?

- It has extended biotechnology into sectors beyond healthcare and farming.
- It has already replaced conventional manufacturing in most factories.
- It may allow some goods to be produced with lower environmental impact.
- It has made consumers more willing to accept genetic engineering.
- It depends mainly on the use of extreme heat and pressure.

**答案**：It has extended biotechnology into sectors beyond healthcare and farming.,It may allow some goods to be produced with lower environmental impact.

原文定位：For most of its history, biotechnology was associated with medicine and agriculture. A third wave, however, is now moving beyond hospitals and farms into factories, mines, paper mills and even clothing manufacturers;For consumers, the final product may appear no different, but the method of production can be far less damaging

同义替换：「third wave of biotechnology」↔「third wave」；「healthcare and farming」↔「medicine and agriculture」；「extended」↔「moving into」；「may allow some goods to be produced with lower environmental impact」↔「the method of production can be far less damaging」

### 22. Industrial biotechnology may change the way everyday goods are produced, even when the finished items look the same to 22_____ .

Industrial biotechnology may change the way everyday goods are produced, even when the finished items look the same to 22_____ .

**答案**：consumers

原文定位：For consumers, the final product may appear no different, but the method of production can be far less damaging

同义替换：「finished items」↔「final product」；「look the same」↔「appear no different」

### 23. In fabric treatment, biological agents can improve the appearance of cotton while cutting the need for water and 23_____ .

In fabric treatment, biological agents can improve the appearance of cotton while cutting the need for water and 23_____ .

**答案**：energy

原文定位：The fabric becomes smoother and brighter, while less water and energy are consumed

同义替换：「improve the appearance of cotton」↔「becomes smoother and brighter」；「cutting」↔「less」；「the need for」↔「are consumed」

### 24. In paper production, they can help reduce reliance on chlorine-based 24_____ .

In paper production, they can help reduce reliance on chlorine-based 24_____ .

**答案**：chemicals

原文定位：Certain enzymes can help prepare the pulp for bleaching, reducing the amount of chlorine‑based chemicals required

同义替换：「paper production」↔「paper and pulp industry」；「reduce reliance on」↔「reducing the amount of」；「chlorine‑based」↔「chlorine‑based」

### 25. Some microbes can be turned into miniature 25_____ by inserting selected genes into them.

Some microbes can be turned into miniature 25_____ by inserting selected genes into them.

**答案**：factories

原文定位：Instead of simply finding useful enzymes in nature, researchers can insert selected genes into bacteria, yeasts or fungi, turning them into miniature factories

同义替换：「be turned into」↔「turning them into」；「by inserting selected genes into them」↔「insert selected genes into」

### 26. Before such methods are widely accepted, firms must demonstrate that they will not introduce new 26_____ .

Before such methods are widely accepted, firms must demonstrate that they will not introduce new 26_____ .

**答案**：risks

原文定位：Companies must prove that their methods do not create new risks

同义替换：「firms」↔「Companies」；「demonstrate」↔「prove」；「introduce」↔「create」

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