# Theories on early human migration to the Americas - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：超高频 - 最近考试：2020.7.25/2018.9.13/2016.3.19 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/2455f537-0006-4f18-96a5-84bd60b13df7（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,540 Part four. You will hear an anthropology lecturer talking about early migration to the Americas. First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty on page six. Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:00:36,600 Scientists from several different disciplines, anthropology, archaeology, and geology all agree that at some stage there was human migration from Asia to the Americas, but they disagree over when, how, or why these humans first came to the Americas. 00:00:55,820 I'll run through some of the evidence briefly and try to explain the timeframe, method, and reason for these migrations. For a long time, most scientists had accepted that the original route into the Americas was from Northern Asia to Alaska. In the far North America, evidence suggests that humans arrived via a land bridge. This consisted of a dry grassland plain about two thousand kilometers wide. They think this environment would have been similar to present-day tundra, with long, cool winters and perpetual winds, but crucially, no ice. 00:01:36,140 Geologists estimate that the land bridge existed between seventy-five thousand and fourteen thousand years ago. The theory is that these first humans were hunting animals, which they followed into what is now Alaska. Biological evidence as well as archaeological remains have been found which support this theory. For example, anthropologists have found a high incidence of similarly shaped teeth in people in Northern Asia and in North America. 00:02:07,520 The archaeological evidence also indicates that from Alaska in North America, people began to travel far south. 00:02:15,960 The problem is, no one's sure yet what route people took or how humans would have been able to survive, because much of the land would have still been covered in glaciers, and it would have been very hard to find resources. 00:02:31,040 The other problem with this theory was that the evidence from Alaska only dated back thirteen thousand years. 00:02:38,780 This was in the form of weapons used for hunting. But evidence found at human settlements in other parts of the Americas dated further back than this. 00:02:50,320 The most significant of these settlements is the Monte Verde site in Chile in South America. 00:02:56,960 Evidence from the site includes biological remains which date back over fourteen thousand years, making Monte Verde the earliest known human settlement in the Americas. 00:03:10,600 This meant the date of the arrival of humans in Alaska had to be revised backwards by about two thousand years. 00:03:19,500 Some scientists also think that the first settlers moved down in haste from North to South America on the Pacific side, and findings at Monte Verde would seem to support this view. 00:03:33,140 Although no boats have been discovered yet to support this theory, we all know that earlier people in other parts of the world had made use of this technology. The site at Monte Verde was discovered in nineteen seventy-six, and excavations revealed a small settlement of twenty to thirty people living in a dozen huts along a small stream. 00:03:56,800 Scientists were surprised to discover nine species of marine plants, including seaweed, material that the Monte Verdeans must have brought from the sea, which is over sixty kilometers away. 00:04:09,640 A variety of other items, including flat pebbles, were also found, which suggests the group had a tradition of exploring the sea. 00:04:19,459 However, there are still a number of prominent archaeologists who don't accept that the first humans arrived via Alaska and have put forward a theory of transoceanic migration instead. They say that at this time, the climate in Alaska would have been too inhospitable for humans to survive in, and so the first people must have arrived across the Pacific Ocean. 00:04:46,740 Again, there's a lot of controversy surrounding this theory. Many scientists doubt that people at this time had the navigational expertise for such a long voyage. 00:04:59,720 However, this idea does offer an alternative explanation as to how people were able to settle as far south as Monte Verde. 00:05:10,120 People who support this theory believe that crossing the Pacific would have been possible because of a powerful current in the Pacific Ocean, which would have carried boats from Japan to America. 00:05:23,050 Again, there's no real evidence to support this theory, but some archaeologists believe. 00:05:30,280 That is the end of part four. You now have half a minute ## 题目与答案 ### 31. Humans migrated from Northern Asia to Alaska via a land bridge. The area consists of a dry grassland plain up to 2000km. The winter is cold and long with strong winds but tree from 31_____ . Humans migrated from Northern Asia to Alaska via a land bridge. The area consists of a dry grassland plain up to 2000km. The winter is cold and long with strong winds but tree from 31_____ . **答案**：ice 原文定位：They think this environment would have been similar to present-day tundra, with long, cool winters and perpetual winds, but crucially, no ice 同义替换：「winter is cold and long」↔「long, cool winters」 ### 32. The earliest group of humans followed 32_____ to Alaska. The earliest group of humans followed 32_____ to Alaska. **答案**：animals 原文定位：The theory is that these first humans were hunting animals, which they followed into what is now Alaska 同义替换：「earliest group of humans」↔「first humans」 ### 33. Anthropologists found similar shaped 33_____ in people in Northern Alaska and in North America. Anthropologists found similar shaped 33_____ in people in Northern Alaska and in North America. **答案**：teeth 原文定位：For example, anthropologists have found a high incidence of similarly shaped teeth in people in Northern Asia and in North America ### 34. The land is covered with glaciers,which makes it difficult to find 34_____. The land is covered with glaciers,which makes it difficult to find 34_____. **答案**：resources 原文定位：because much of the land would have still been covered in glaciers, and it would have been very hard to find resources 同义替换：「makes it difficult to」↔「very hard to」 ### 35. The other evidence was in the form of 35_____ for hunting. The other evidence was in the form of 35_____ for hunting. **答案**：weapons 原文定位：This was in the form of weapons used for hunting ### 36. Some scientists believe first settlers moved from North to South. But no 36_____ have been found to support the theory. Some scientists believe first settlers moved from North to South. But no 36_____ have been found to support the theory. **答案**：boats 原文定位：Although no boats have been discovered yet to support this theory 同义替换：「But」↔「Although」；「found」↔「discovered」 ### 37. Scientists found a variety of 37_____ in the sea,such as seaweed. Scientists found a variety of 37_____ in the sea,such as seaweed. **答案**：plants 原文定位：Scientists were surprised to discover nine species of marine plants, including seaweed 同义替换：「a variety of」↔「nine species of」；「in the sea」↔「marine」 ### 38. However, some archaeologists did not believe that first humans arrived via Alaska. They thought the 38_____ was too bad for humans to survive in. However, some archaeologists did not believe that first humans arrived via Alaska. They thought the 38_____ was too bad for humans to survive in. **答案**：climate 原文定位：They say that at this time, the climate in Alaska would have been too inhospitable for humans to survive in 同义替换：「bad」↔「inhospitable」 ### 39. They doubt the 39_____ skills of the early people for such a long voyage. They doubt the 39_____ skills of the early people for such a long voyage. **答案**：navigational 原文定位：Many scientists doubt that people at this time had the navigational expertise for such a long voyage 同义替换：「skills」↔「expertise」 ### 40. People believe the theory due to there is a strong 40_____ in the Pacific Ocean. People believe the theory due to there is a strong 40_____ in the Pacific Ocean. **答案**：current 原文定位：People who support this theory believe that crossing the Pacific would have been possible because of a powerful current in the Pacific Ocean 同义替换：「believe」↔「support」；「due to there is a strong」↔「because of a powerful」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。