# Calotype photography in Britain and France - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：高频 - 最近考试：2023.4.1/2018.4.7 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/247a0a08-b174-4f68-a2ae-f96f7706954d（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,400 Part four. 00:00:02,400 You will hear part of a lecture about an early form of photography that developed in Britain and France called calotype photography. 00:00:12,840 First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty. Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:00:22,060 Morning, everyone. 00:00:24,140 Welcome back to this series of lectures on the development of photography. 00:00:29,660 Last week, we looked at a type of photography called daguerreotype, 00:00:34,940 the first commercially successful photographic process. 00:00:39,280 Today, we're going to look at how this was gradually replaced by a technique called calotype. Daguerreotype was a major breakthrough, but there were problems with it. 00:00:52,420 In particular, because the image was produced on a copper sheet, it was expensive to create each photograph. 00:01:00,480 As a result, during the 1840s, a man named William Talbot began looking for an alternative approach. 00:01:09,920 Talbot eventually became an influential figure, but he always said he was not a professional photographer. 00:01:17,820 In fact, he trained as an artist. 00:01:21,440 His greatest interest was painting, 00:01:24,840 and he only became involved with photography as a secondary interest. 00:01:30,760 Talbot spent many years trying to solve the problems associated with daguerreotype photography. 00:01:37,980 He tried a number of different approaches, and it took some time to find a successful alternative. But in the end, what he did was, instead of producing each photograph on a sheet of copper, he produced them on paper. And at the time, this was a great advance. 00:01:57,060 Talbot's technique, which he called calotype photography, had other advantages as well. Maybe the most important was that the pictures themselves weren't as sharp as the ones produced before. The sharpness had been a problem because it distorted everything. But this new calotype process produced images that were realistic compared to all earlier photographs. 00:02:25,060 Calotype photography was invented in Britain, but it was also popular with French photographers. 00:02:32,489 The 1850s were a time of rapid development in France, and photography was used to record these changes. 00:02:41,020 One example of how important photography had become occurred in 1851 when the French government established a society to promote the interests of photographers, something that hadn't happened before. 00:02:56,020 To begin with, there were five members, and maybe the most important was a man called Gustave Le Gray. Le Gray became increasingly fascinated by the calotype process. 00:03:09,760 Most of all, he wanted to produce different types of image, so began a series of experiments to see how this might be done. 00:03:19,100 His greatest success was when he designed the first camera that was able to create enlargements, an important step forward. 00:03:28,600 Another of Le Gray's innovations was his work on the size of the equipment necessary to take photographs. 00:03:35,760 Originally, it was very heavy and difficult to move about, but Le Gray made it lighter and smaller. 00:03:43,530 This meant he could take photographs outdoors more easily rather than being limited to the studio, which had sometimes been the case until then. Le Gray produced numerous photographs during this period and was highly regarded among fellow photographers. 00:04:00,860 But his work also became famous among the general public because he wrote a very popular series of books describing the calotype process and giving examples of his work. The simple fact was that people liked photography. They thought it was reliable, especially compared to drawing, where the human hand might alter or exaggerate things. 00:04:24,900 This had various consequences, 00:04:27,620 one of which was that photography was now often used to record the huge program of renovation work of historical buildings in France during the 1850s. 00:04:37,660 The camera doesn't lie, so people said. 00:04:42,240 As a result, the calotype process was admired not only by photographers, but increasingly by the government and by mainstream society. 00:04:52,420 However, debate still remained about whether photography could truly be called an art form like sculpture or drawing. Certainly, although the public liked it, in the opinion of critics, photography could not be compared to other established forms of art. 00:05:10,300 So in summary, what can we say about calotype photography during this period? 00:05:16,720 One thing to re-emphasize is that the 1850s were a period of great development in Britain and France. 00:05:24,200 The culture in both countries admired all new technological advances, and photography represented these ideas because it was considered to be a science by most people. 00:05:36,440 However, photographers didn't stop experimenting with new materials to improve the quality of their work. Most of all, they were searching for ways to make images more permanent because calotype photographs tended to fade over time. 00:05:52,580 And in the end, they found that if the image was produced on glass, it lasted much longer. So calotype photography was ## 题目与答案 ### 31. From Daguerreotype to Calotype - Daguerreotype was the first commercial photographic process. - Daguerreotype had a problem: the use of copper made it 31_____ From Daguerreotype to Calotype - Daguerreotype was the first commercial photographic process. - Daguerreotype had a problem: the use of copper made it 31_____ **答案**：expensive 原文定位：because the image was produced on a copper sheet, it was expensive to create each photograph 同义替换：「use」↔「produced」 ### 32. - William Talbot began looking for an alternative approach in the 1840s. - Talbot was not originally a photographer but an artist who specialised in 32_____ - William Talbot began looking for an alternative approach in the 1840s. - Talbot was not originally a photographer but an artist who specialised in 32_____ **答案**：painting 原文定位：His greatest interest was painting 同义替换：「specialised in」↔「greatest interest was」 ### 33. - Talbot used paper instead of copper. - These calotype photographs were more 33_____ because they weren`t so sharp. - Talbot used paper instead of copper. - These calotype photographs were more 33_____ because they weren`t so sharp. **答案**：realistic 原文定位：But this new calotype process produced images that were realistic compared to all earlier photographs 同义替换：「photographs」↔「images」 ### 34. French Calotype - in 1851, the first society for photographers was created - Gustave Le Gray became fascinated by calotype photography. - He carried out experiments and produced the first 34_____ using a camera. French Calotype - in 1851, the first society for photographers was created - Gustave Le Gray became fascinated by calotype photography. - He carried out experiments and produced the first 34_____ using a camera. **答案**：enlargement 原文定位：His greatest success was when he designed the first camera that was able to create enlargement, an important step forward ### 35. - He developed equipment that was easier to use outside the 35_____ . - He developed equipment that was easier to use outside the 35_____ . **答案**：studio 原文定位：This meant he could take photographs outdoors more easily rather than being limited to the studio 同义替换：「easier to use」↔「lighter and smaller」；「outside」↔「rather than being limited to the」 ### 36. - Calotype became famous because Le Gray produced 36_____ about it. - Calotype became famous because Le Gray produced 36_____ about it. **答案**：books 原文定位：his work also became famous among the general public because he wrote a very popular series of books describing the calotype process ### 37. - People thought photography was more reliable than drawing. - It was used to record the work done on old 37_____ . - People thought photography was more reliable than drawing. - It was used to record the work done on old 37_____ . **答案**：buildings 原文定位：photography was now often used to record the huge program of renovation work of historical buildings in France during the 1850s 同义替换：「old」↔「historical」 ### 38. - Photography was not “art”, according to 38_____ . - Photography was not “art”, according to 38_____ . **答案**：critics 原文定位：in the opinion of critics, photography could not be compared to other established forms of art 同义替换：「according to」↔「in the opinion of」 ### 39. Summary - Photography was thought of as a 39_____ so reflected the culture of the 1850s. Summary - Photography was thought of as a 39_____ so reflected the culture of the 1850s. **答案**：science 原文定位：photography represented these ideas because it was considered to be a science by most people 同义替换：「thought」↔「considered」 ### 40. - The use of new materials, particular 40_____, led to new techniques. - The use of new materials, particular 40_____, led to new techniques. **答案**：glass 原文定位：And in the end, they found that if the image was produced on glass, it lasted much longer --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。