雅思阅读真题（Part 3）

Inside the Mind of a Fan: How Watching Sport Affects the Brain

Part 3 · 考频：超高频 · 最近考试：2023.1.14/2020.12.12

文章内容（节选）

A 

At about the same time that the poet Homer invented the epic hero, the ancient Greeks started a festival in which men competed in a single race, about 200 metres long. The winner received a branch of wild olives. The Greeks called this celebration the Olympics. Though the ancient sprint remains, today the Olympics are far more than that. Indeed, the Games seem to celebrate the dream of progress as embodied in the human form. That the Games are intoxicating to watch is beyond question. During the Athens Olympics in 2004, 3.4 billion people, half the world, watched them on television. Certainly, being a spectator is a thrilling experience: but why?

 

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题目与答案

  1. an explanation of why watching sport may be emotionally satisfying
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：F

    原文定位：Rather, we watch sport for the feeling, the human drama. This feeling also derives from mirror neurons. By letting spectators share in the motions of victory, they also allow us to share in its feelings. This is because they are directly connected to the amygdale, one of the main brain regions involved in emotion

    同义替换：「emotionally satisfying」↔「for the feeling」，「an explanation of why」↔「This is because they are directly connected to the amygdale」

  2. an explanation of why beginners find sporting tasks difficult
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：B

    原文定位：To the novice, however, the skill of casting a smooth arc with a lop-side metal stick is virtually impossible. This is because most novices swing with their consciousness, using an area of brain next to the premotor cortex

    同义替换：「beginners」↔「novice」，「find sporting tasks difficult」↔「virtually impossible」

  3. a factor that needs to combine with mirroring to attain sporting excellence
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：The best athletes are those with a premotor cortex capable of imagining the movements of victory, together with the physical properties to make those movements real

    同义替换：「combine」↔「together with」，「mirroring」↔「imagining the movements」，「sporting excellence」↔「best athletes」

  4. a comparison of human and animal mirror neurons
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：C

    原文定位：Humans have an even more elaborate mirror neuron system

  5. the first discovery of brain activity related to mirror neurons
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：D

    原文定位：This phenomenon of neural mirror was first discovered in 1954, when two French physiologists, Gastaut and Berf, found that the brains of humans vibrate with two distinct wavelengths, alpha and mu. The mu system is involved in neural mirroring

    同义替换：「brain activity related to mirror neurons」↔「neural mirror」

  6. a claim linking observation to improvement in performance
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：watching a great golfer makes us better golfers, and watching a great sprinter actually makes us run faster

    同义替换：「observation」↔「watching」，「improvement in performance」↔「better golfers」

  7. 33 The writer uses the term ‘grammar of movement’ to mean
    • a level of sporting skill.
    • a system of words about movement.
    • a pattern of connected cells.
    • a type of golf swing.

    答案：a pattern of connected cells.

    原文定位：there were groups of cells that ‘store vocabularies of motor actions’. Just as there are grammars of movement. These networks of cells are the bodily ‘sentences

    同义替换：「pattern of connected cells」↔「grammars of movement」

  8. 34 The writer states that expert players perform their actions
    • without conscious thought.
    • by planning each phase of movement.
    • without regular practice.
    • by thinking about the actions of others.

    答案：without conscious thought.

    原文定位：For him, the motor action has become memorized;hits the ball with the tranquility of his perfected autopilot

    同义替换：「without conscious thought」↔「autopilot」

  9. 35 The writer states that the most common motive for watching sport is to
    • improve personal performance.
    • feel linked with people of different nationalities.
    • experience strong positive emotions.
    • realize what skill consists of.

    答案：experience strong positive emotions.

    原文定位：But how many of us regularly watch sports in order to be a better athlete? Rather, we watch sport for the feeling, the human drama

    同义替换：「experience strong positive emotions」↔「for the feeling」

  10. 36 Inexpert sports players are too aware of what they are doing.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：YES

    原文定位：most novices swing with their consciousness

    同义替换：「Inexpert」↔「novices」，「too aware」↔「with their consciousness」

  11. 37 Monkeys have a more complex mirror neuron system than humans.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NO

    原文定位：Humans have an even more elaborate mirror neuron system

  12. 38 Looking at a photograph can activate mirror neurons.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NO

    原文定位：If we are staring at a photograph;our mirror neurons are totally silent

  13. 39 Gastaut and Bert were both researchers and sports players.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：two French physiologists, Gastaut and Berf

  14. 40 The mu system is at rest when we are engaged in an activity.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：YES

    原文定位：It is active when your bodies are still, and disappears whenever we do something active

    同义替换：「at rest」↔「active」，「engaged in activity」↔「do something active」

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