# Oxytocin and trust - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 最近考试：2023.4.15/2019.8.24/2018.2.3/2016.11.19/2014.9.27 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/2c825cec-bb4d-4dc9-98e0-53cc03f268bd（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,960 Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:00:08,620 The development of trust is an essential social tool, allowing people to form productive and meaningful relationships, both at a professional and personal level. Trust is indispensable in friendship, love, families, and organizations, and plays a key role in economic exchange and politics. 00:00:27,740 Much recent evidence indicates that trust contributes to economic, political, and social success. 00:00:34,740 When we make contacts with strangers, such as doing business with the clients who we meet for the first time, our trust in them can only rely on their kindness. So from our own judgment or the comments from other people, we can have a rough idea if the stranger is trustworthy. 00:00:51,410 Trust is important because it is the basis around which all human relationships evolve. Without trust, there can be no relationship. Trust can come naturally, or it can be manifested. 00:01:04,760 If you find trust of this magnitude in life, then you are lucky. Also, you can always count on them to protect through all, if not most, of life's perils. Trust is important because if you don't trust someone, then they are not available. Believe it or not, reducing the chance of suffering from poverty is to understand trust, because when you trust other people, you can have more support and resources. 00:01:30,350 However, our ability to trust others varies from individual to individual, just like different people's ability of recognizing a person's face is not the same. Bonds of trust are also extremely fragile. A single act of betrayal, such as a marital affair, can instantly erase years of trustworthy behavior. The consequences of such breaches in confidence can be disastrous, and not only for a relationship. 00:01:56,620 The study demonstrates how oxytocin can facilitate social interactions after trust has been violated by potentially lowering defense mechanisms associated with social risks and by overcoming negative feedback that is important for adapting behavior in the future. Luckily, oxytocin in our body has the ability to inspire trust in and among people. This chemical is released whenever interaction happens between people. 00:02:27,960 To study social interactions, economists, and more recently, neuroscientists, take advantage of a simple experiment. 00:02:36,140 Two participants play the so-called trust game. The first participant is faced with a decision to keep a sum of money or share it with the second participant, who has no obligation to give the money back. He would get more money if the second person returns it. In this game, the first person is left with an important social dilemma: to trust or not to trust. Although it is more profitable to trust, doing so leaves the investor at risk of betrayal. 00:03:05,220 Trust is not something that naturally occurs when two people meet for the first time. It involves a process. 00:03:12,400 One person has to show the quality of being trustworthy to the other person. 00:03:17,320 This can be achieved by certain behaviors and communication. Therefore, trust is conditional. People should not take it for granted. 00:03:26,680 Oxytocin does not only exist in human beings. Animals also have this gift, and it can be seen when they have cooperation with each other. Oxytocin in monkeys, for example, allow them to work together to find food and to fight against enemies. The Nash equilibrium's game theory, the first participant will make the best decision he can, with no expectations that the second participant would change his decision. The second participant will do the same, so the outcome depends on the decision of the other person. This game is similar to the one we just talked about. 00:04:01,850 The oxytocin level doesn't stay the same in a person's body. Studies have found that people who are under a lot of stress would have higher levels of oxytocin. 00:04:11,820 Oxytocin causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the benefits from social interactions. 00:04:20,680 It's also noted that the effects of oxytocin on trust is not due to a general increase in the readiness to bear risks. On the contrary, oxytocin specifically affects an individual's willingness to accept social risks arising through interpersonal interactions. To sum up, oxytocin is like a kind of social glue that is helpful in social bonding. Further research is needed to explore oxytocin and trust and how this hormone can be used to strengthen our trust in others and even treat mental disorders that specifically relate to deficiencies in social behavior. 00:04:55,660 Next, we're going to talk about... 00:05:00,410 That is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. - Trust relies on the stranger`s 31_____ - Trust relies on the stranger`s 31_____ **答案**：kindness 原文定位：When we make contacts with strangers, such as doing business with the clients who we meet for the first time, our trust in them can only rely on their kindness 同义替换：「stranger」↔「the clients who we meet for the first time」 ### 32. - The understanding of trust can reduce 32_____ - The understanding of trust can reduce 32_____ **答案**：poverty 原文定位：Believe it or not, reducing the chance of suffering from poverty is to understand trust, because when you trust other people, you can have more support and resources ### 33. How to measure trust ·People`s ability of recognizing a person`s 33_____ . How to measure trust ·People`s ability of recognizing a person`s 33_____ . **答案**：face 原文定位：However, our ability to trust others varies from individual to individual, just like different people's ability of recognizing a person's face is not the same ### 34. ·Oxytocin will be released when 34_____ . ·Oxytocin will be released when 34_____ . **答案**：interaction 原文定位：This chemical is released whenever interaction happens between people ### 35. Experiments: two participants ·The first participant decides whether to lend the money or not. ·The second participant has no 35_____ to return the money Experiments: two participants ·The first participant decides whether to lend the money or not. ·The second participant has no 35_____ to return the money **答案**：obligation 原文定位：The first participant is faced with a decision to keep a sum of money or share it with the second participant, who has no obligation to give the money back 同义替换：「return the money」↔「give the money back」 ### 36. ·Trust involves a 36_____ so it is conditional ·Trust involves a 36_____ so it is conditional **答案**：process 原文定位：Trust is not something that naturally occurs when two people meet for the first time. It involves a process. This can be achieved by certain behaviors and communication. Therefore, trust is conditional ### 37. ·If animals have 37_____ they will be seen to have oxytocin ·If animals have 37_____ they will be seen to have oxytocin **答案**：cooperation 原文定位：Oxytocin does not only exist in human beings. Animals also have this gift, and it can be seen when they have cooperation with each other ### 38. Nash equilibrium: ·Participants have no 38_____ that the other person would change his or her decision Nash equilibrium: ·Participants have no 38_____ that the other person would change his or her decision **答案**：expectations 原文定位：The Nash equilibrium's game theory, the first participant will make the best decision he can, with no expectations that the second participant would change his decision ### 39. ·People under stress have 39_____ levels of oxytocin ·People under stress have 39_____ levels of oxytocin **答案**：higher 原文定位：Studies have found that people who are under a lot of stress would have higher levels of oxytocin ### 40. ·Oxytocin is a social 40_____ . ·Oxytocin is a social 40_____ . **答案**：glue 原文定位：To sum up, oxytocin is like a kind of social glue that is helpful in social bonding --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。