# Theories of intelligence - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 最近考试：2023.4.29 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/2f744686-146b-41bd-b393-496d906eec33（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,740 Part four. 00:00:02,840 You will hear a university lecturer talking about three theories of intelligence and their implications for how we learn. 00:00:12,620 First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty. 00:01:07,140 Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:01:14,620 Today, I'm going to consider three theories of intelligence and look at their implications for studying effectively while you're here at university. 00:01:25,540 Early psychologists such as Spearman in the nineteen twenties, believed that each individual has a single general level of intelligence, known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. According to that theory, we're born with a certain level of intelligence, which is inherited from our parents, and our intelligence remains constant throughout our life. 00:01:51,380 It follows that any intelligence test we do at any time will give broadly similar results. 00:01:58,480 If this is true, it suggests that there isn't much you can do to make yourself more intelligent since it's a genetic feature. 00:02:07,360 You wouldn't be able to perform any better in your studies than you do now. 00:02:12,200 Most of the evidence for the genetic origin of intelligence has come from studies of twins, which show a considerable similarity in their intelligence. 00:02:22,960 However, other psychologists have interpreted the findings of this research differently, arguing that genetic influence plays only a small part in our intelligence or even no part at all. 00:02:37,200 Their theory says that the similarity in intelligence between the subjects used in such studies may have an environmental rather than genetic origin. 00:02:48,420 These psychologists point out that children brought up in the same family are likely to have experiences which are very similar. This, rather than their genetic inheritance, may be the main reason why they have similar levels of intelligence. 00:03:06,380 Take the case of the Raven's test, an intelligence test used to measure abstract reasoning ability. 00:03:14,660 The Raven's test was designed for use with people of any language, age, or country. So in theory, a person's result shouldn't be affected by where they grow up. 00:03:27,160 Yet some research using Raven's into children who moved home and lived in another culture found that after a few years, there was a significant improvement in their results. In other words, our intelligence isn't fixed. 00:03:47,560 An alternative view which is significantly different is that we have multiple intelligences, not one general one. 00:03:55,740 In the nineteen nineties, Howard Gardner claimed that there are at least seven separate intelligences. 00:04:02,860 The list includes what you might expect, such as linguistic and logical skills, and also other less traditional ones, such as a category of musical abilities. 00:04:15,620 Research in neuropsychology suggests that different cognitive abilities, such as speech, may be partially independent of each other and controlled by different circuits within the brain. 00:04:28,580 Support for this theory comes from the fact that some people show a weakness in one particular area. For instance, some find it very difficult to recognize someone's face, while they may have no problem remembering names. 00:04:43,940 This apparent variation in strengths and weaknesses within one person supports Gardner's view that intelligence is multiple rather than general. 00:04:55,420 Gardner suggests that the various intelligences don't operate in isolation from each other, and instead, that interaction between them creates a far more complex picture and greatly increases what we can achieve. 00:05:11,360 If this is the case, and it seems likely, we can consciously use this knowledge in our own approach to studying and learning. 00:05:21,020 If you develop a sense of rhythm, this can improve not only music and dance, as you would expect, but also areas that aren't obviously linked. Spelling, for instance. 00:05:33,460 If you need to learn a chemical formula or law of physics by heart, turn it into a song. It doesn't matter at all if you're out of key, but it'll be easier for you to learn it. 00:05:45,340 That's just one way of using multiple intelligences to make studying easier and much more fun. 00:05:52,860 Now, let's go on to... 00:05:58,460 That is the end of part four. You now have one minute to check your answers to part four. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. 1st theory (developed by psychologists such as Spearman, 1920s) ·Everyone has a particular intelligence quotient (IQ). ·There is no change during a person’s 31_____ . 1st theory (developed by psychologists such as Spearman, 1920s) ·Everyone has a particular intelligence quotient (IQ). ·There is no change during a person’s 31_____ . **答案**：lifetime 原文定位：According to that theory, we're born with a certain level of intelligence, which is inherited from our parents, and our intelligence remains constant throughout our life 同义替换：「no change」↔「remains constant」；「during」↔「throughout」 ### 32. ·Intelligence is seen as genetic in origin. ·This theory is supported by research into the intelligence of 32_____ . ·Intelligence is seen as genetic in origin. ·This theory is supported by research into the intelligence of 32_____ . **答案**：twins 原文定位：Most of the evidence for the genetic origin of intelligence has come from studies of twins, which show a considerable similarity in their intelligence 同义替换：「supported by」↔「evidence for」；「research into」↔「studies of」 ### 33. 2nd theory (based on the same research) ·Intelligence is due to environmental factors. ·Two children from the same family are likely to have similar 33_____ affecting their intelligence. 2nd theory (based on the same research) ·Intelligence is due to environmental factors. ·Two children from the same family are likely to have similar 33_____ affecting their intelligence. **答案**：experiences 原文定位：These psychologists point out that children brought up in the same family are likely to have experiences which are very similar ### 34. ·Evidence: - The Raven’s test is used to assess people’s ability to reason in an abstract way. - It found that after moving to a different culture there was an 34_____ in children’s intelligence. ·Evidence: - The Raven’s test is used to assess people’s ability to reason in an abstract way. - It found that after moving to a different culture there was an 34_____ in children’s intelligence. **答案**：improvement 原文定位：Yet some research using Raven's into children who moved home and lived in another culture found that after a few years, there was a significant improvement in their results 同义替换：「moving to a different」↔「lived in another」 ### 35. 3rd theory (Howard Gardner, 1990s) ·People have multiple intelligences, including traditional ones (e.g. linguistic), and non- traditional (e.g. 35_____) 3rd theory (Howard Gardner, 1990s) ·People have multiple intelligences, including traditional ones (e.g. linguistic), and non- traditional (e.g. 35_____) **答案**：musical 原文定位：The list includes what you might expect, such as linguistic and logical skills, and also other less traditional ones, such as a category of musical abilities 同义替换：「traditional ones」↔「linguistic」；「non-traditional」↔「less traditional」；「e.g.」↔「such as」 ### 36. ·It is based on research that suggests specific parts of the 36_____ control specific cognitive abilities. ·It is based on research that suggests specific parts of the 36_____ control specific cognitive abilities. **答案**：brain 原文定位：Research in neuropsychology suggests that different cognitive abilities, such as speech, may be partially independent of each other and controlled by different circuits within the brain 同义替换：「specific parts」↔「different circuits within」 ### 37. ·It is supported by the fact that some people have problems identifying a 37_____ but no problems in other related areas. ·It is supported by the fact that some people have problems identifying a 37_____ but no problems in other related areas. **答案**：face 原文定位：Support for this theory comes from the fact that some people show a weakness in one particular area. For instance, some find it very difficult to recognize someone's face, while they may have no problem remembering names 同义替换：「have problems identifying」↔「find it very difficult to recognize」 ### 38. ·According to Gardner’s theory, there is 38_____ between the different intelligences. ·According to Gardner’s theory, there is 38_____ between the different intelligences. **答案**：interaction 原文定位：Gardner suggests that the various intelligences don't operate in isolation from each other, and instead, that interaction between them creates a far more complex picture and greatly increases what we can achieve 同义替换：「different」↔「various」 ### 39. This can be used to improve learning: ·Surprisingly, improvements in rhythm may affect 39_____ . This can be used to improve learning: ·Surprisingly, improvements in rhythm may affect 39_____ . **答案**：spelling 原文定位：If you develop a sense of rhythm, this can improve not only music and dance, as you would expect, but also areas that aren't obviously linked. Spelling, for instance 同义替换：「improvements in」↔「develop a sense of」；「may affect」↔「can improve」 ### 40. ·Scientific facts may be easier to remember if learnt as a 40_____ . ·Scientific facts may be easier to remember if learnt as a 40_____ . **答案**：song 原文定位：If you need to learn a chemical formula or law of physics by heart, turn it into a song 同义替换：「Scientific facts」↔「chemical formula or law of physics」；「remember」↔「learn」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。