Tunnelling under the Thames

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. 1 In the early 19th century, the port of London was considered a safer destination than other ports.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：At the beginning of the 19th century, the port of London was the busiest in the world

   同义替换：「In the early」↔「At the beginning of」

2. ·Brunel created a device called a tunnelling shield, to protect people working under the river.

   ·Brunel planned to build a shallow tunnel so the earth would have a higher content of 10_____ .

   答案：clay

   原文定位：Brunel's team carefully examined earth samples taken from beneath the riverbed, and subsequently decided to dig the tunnel close to the muddy river bottom, where he could expect to find clay. This would be a more solid and safe substance to dig through than the sand that was found deeper down

   同义替换：「shallow tunnel」↔「dig the tunnel close to the muddy river bottom」

3. Problems faced by miners

   ·There were frequent floods caused by mechanical breakdowns.

   ·The miners suffered from 11_____ because of pollution in the tunnels.

   答案：headaches

   原文定位：They also complained of frequent headaches and dizziness, caused by the poor air quality

   同义替换：「suffered from」↔「complained of」，「pollution」↔「poor air quality」

4. ·Lighting problems led to several 12_____

   ·Some workers quit because of the high temperatures in the tunnel.

   答案：accidents

   原文定位：Lamps give off only a very weak glow, and there were a number of accidents because the miners could not see what they were doing

   同义替换：「Lighting problems」↔「Lamps give off only a very weak glow」，「several」↔「a number of」

5. After the tunnel was finished

   ·The tunnel was finally completed in 1841.

   ·Brunel did not have enough money to repay his debt to the 13_____

   ·The tunnel was abandoned until the 1880s.

   答案：government

   原文定位：Brunel had gone bankrupt long before the project was completed, and the government loan he had required to complete the project had to be paid back with interest

   同义替换：「repay his debt」↔「paid back」

6. 2 London Bridge provided quick access for cargo being sent to southern Britain.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Consignments intended for the southern parts of Britain had to be lifted onto horse carts, pulled through the docks and across London Bridge, built in the 12th century and as impractical as its early date implies By 1820, London Bridge had become the centre of the world's largest traffic jam

   同义替换：「provided quick access」↔「largest traffic jam」，「cargo being sent to」↔「consignments intended for」

7. 3 It was generally believed that a new river crossing would be profitable.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：It was an intolerable situation, and it was clear that if private enterprise could build another crossing closer to the docks, there would be good money to be made in tolls paid by users

   同义替换：「generally believed」↔「clear that」，「profitable」↔「good money to be made 」

8. 4 Building a second bridge crossing was initially considered to be the best solution.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Another bridge was out of the question, as this would deny sailing ships access to the city centre and ambitious men turned their thoughts to tunnelling beneath the Thames instead

   同义替换：「second」↔「Another」，「initially considered to be the best solution」↔「out of the question」

9. 5 It was believed that coal could be found under the River Thames.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Although increasing demand for coal had meant a great many tunnels had been dug in mines in Britain, working methods remained primitive

10. 6 The Thames Archway Company was the first group to try tunnelling below the Thames.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：Their ambition was to tunnel below the Thames, but there was little to guide them as there had been no previous attempt to do this

    同义替换：「the first group to try」↔「no previous attempt to do this」

11. 7 Some of Trevithick's men were injured during a mudslide at his tunnel.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：His men made progress at the beginning, but then things began to go disastrously wrong, with muddy soil pouring into the tunnel

    同义替换：「mudslide」↔「muddy soil pouring into the tunnel」

12. 8 The Thames Archway Company ran out of money to finance the tunnel project.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：Eventually, the Thames Archway Company had had enough. Its funds were exhausted

    同义替换：「ran out of money」↔「funds were exhausted」

13. Marc Brunel's tunnel

    Preparing to build the tunnel

    ·Brunel noticed how a kind of 9_____ made its tunnels in wood.

    答案：worm

    原文定位：he observed it was infested with something that looked like a worm;Brunel realised that as it tunnelled through the wood, it would push chewed wood into its mouth and digest it, then excrete a hard substance that lined the new tunnel

    同义替换：「noticed」↔「observed」，「a kind of」↔「something that looked like」，「in」↔「through」