A brief history of humans and food

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题目与答案

1. 1 According to Darwin, cooking was the most significant development in human history.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Charles Darwin thought that cooking, after language, was the greatest discovery made by man

   同义替换：「most significant」↔「greatest」

2. ·Peter Durand introduced cans that were lightweight and 10._____ .

   答案：resistant

   原文定位：Durand produced the first ones which were lightweight and resistant to damage

3. ·In 1855, the metal can opener replaced the 11_____ and hammer used to open cans.

   答案：chisel

   原文定位：Until then, cans were opened with a chisel and hammer

4. ·Some food was still edible after more than 100 years, e.g., an old can of 12_____ .

   答案：meat

   原文定位：one can containing meat, dating back to 1824, was opened in 1939, and the contents were still in good condition

5. ·Freezing

   ·Rapid freezing prevents the formation of large ice crystals and causes less 13_____ .

   答案：damage

   原文定位：Birdseye observed that rapid freezing creates smaller ice crystals and therefore causes less damage to food

6. 2 The process of cooking gets rid of some plant poisons.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Cooking can turn plants that are inedible into edible food by destroying toxic chemicals that plants often manufacture

   同义替换：「gets rid of」↔「destroying」，「poisons」↔「toxic chemicals」

7. 3 Eating cooked food is more energy efficient than eating raw food.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：The energy expended in chewing to break down the tough material is replaced by energy from the fuel used in cooking the food, so the ratio of energy gained to energy expended by the body is greater when food is cooked

   同义替换：「energy efficient」↔「ratio of energy gained to energy expended is greater」，「eating cooked food」↔「when food is cooked」

8. 4 Clarence Birdseye had previously worked in the Australian food industry.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Several centuries later, frozen fish and other goods were transported by ship from Australia to England. However, the modern frozen food industry was started in the 1920s by an American, Clarence Birdseye

9. 5 Birdseye’s trip with the Inuit confirmed what he already believed about rapid freezing.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Birdseye observed that rapid freezing creates smaller ice crystals and therefore causes less damage to food—a discovery he had not expected

   同义替换：「confirmed what he already believed」↔「a discovery he had not expected」

10. The development of agriculture and food preservation

    ·The changes agriculture brought about were:

    ·The development of equipment and larger 6_____ .

    答案：populations

    原文定位：People began to create a variety of new tools to aid survival, and in turn, populations increased in size

    同义替换：「equipment」↔「new tools」，「larger」↔「increased in size」

11. ·The ability to keep 7_____ as writing developed.

    ·The setting up of organized government.

    答案：records

    原文定位：Around this time, writing became more sophisticated and allowed people to maintain records of the harvest and taxes

    同义替换：「keep」↔「maintain」，「developed」↔「became more sophisticated」

12. Food Preservation

    ·Early methods of food preservation included:

    ·Smoking

    ·Acid or 8_____

    ·Adding salt

    答案：fermentation

    原文定位：led them to discover methods of preserving food: smoking, drying, adding acid by fermentation, or adding salt

13. ·Canning

    ·Nicholas Appert put food into containers

    ·Appert's method resulted in preserved food with the same taste and 9_____ as fresh food

    答案：texture

    原文定位：Appert's method had great advantages;the flavor and texture were similar to freshly cooked products

    同义替换：「taste」↔「flavor」，「same」↔「similar to」