Undersea Movement

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题目与答案

1. categorizations of fish by swimming speed
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：From these studies, we can broadly categorise fish into four groups: “sneakers”, such as eels that are only capable of slow speeds but possess some staying power; “stayers”, that can swim quite fast over long periods; “sprinters” that can generate fast bursts of speed (e.g. pike); and “crawlers” that are sluggish swimmers, although they can accelerate slightly (bream, for example)

   同义替换：「categorizations of fish」↔「categorise fish into four groups」

2. an example of fish capable of maintaining fast swimming for a long time
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：From these studies, we can broadly categorise fish into four groups: “sneakers”, such as eels that are only capable of slow speeds but possess some staying power; “stayers”, that can swim quite fast over long periods; “sprinters” that can generate fast bursts of speed (e.g. pike); and “crawlers” that are sluggish swimmers, although they can accelerate slightly (bream, for example)

   同义替换：「capable of maintaining fast swimming for a long time」↔「swim quite fast over long periods」

3. how fish control stability
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：Fins located in different places on a fish serve different purposes, such as moving forward, turning, and keeping an upright position. The median fins, that is, the dorsal, anal and ventral fins, control the rolling and yawing movements of the fish by increasing the vertical surface area presented to the water. The paired fins, pectoral and pelvic act as hydroplanes and control the pitch of the fish… The paired fins are also the means by which the fish slows down and stops

4. frequency of the muscle movement of fish
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：The frequency of the waves varies from about 50/min in the dogfish to 170/min in the mackerel

5. a mechanical model of fish skeleton
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：Their skull acts as a fulcrum and their vertebrae act as levers. The vertebral column consists of a series of vertebrae held together by ligaments, but not so tightly as to prevent slight sideways movement between each pair of vertebrae. The whole spine is, therefore, flexible

6. energy storage devices in a fish
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：The red muscle receives a good supply of blood and contains ampler quantities of fat and glycogen, the storage form of glucose, which is used for most day-to-day swimming movements

7. tail fin, providing part of 34_____

   答案：forward thrust

   原文定位：The tail fin, in its final lash may contribute as much as 40 per cent of the forward thrust

   同义替换：「providing part of」↔「contribute as much as 40 per cent of」

8. dorsal fin, 35_____ movements

   答案：rolling and yawing

   原文定位：The median fins, that is, the dorsal, anal and ventral fins, control the rolling and yawing movements of the fish by increasing the vertical surface area presented to the water

9. 36_____ fins, combined with paired fins; pushing up and down

   答案：pectoral and pelvic

   原文定位：The paired fins, pectoral and pelvic act as hydroplanes and control the pitch of the fish, causing it to swim downwards or upwards according to the angle to the water at which they are held by their muscles

   同义替换：「pushing up and down」↔「swim downwards or upwards」，「paired fins」↔「pectoral and pelvic」

10. Paired fins, for 37_____ movements additionally

    答案：slows and stops

    原文定位：The paired fins are also the means by which the fish slows down and stops

    同义替换：「movements」↔「slows down and stops」

11. Two types of muscles are involved in fish swimming. The majority of a fish’s body comprises the 38_____, and the red muscle is found only at the roots of the fins and in a strip along the centre of each flank.

    答案：white muscle

    原文定位：The bulk of a fish’s body is composed of the so-called white muscle, while the much smaller areas at the roots of the fins and in a strip along the centre of each flank comprise red muscle

    同义替换：「The majority of」↔「The bulk of」，「comprises」↔「composed」

12. For most of its routine movements, the fish uses a lot of its 39_____ saved in body,

    答案：fat and glycogen

    原文定位：The red muscle receives a good supply of blood and contains ampler quantities of fat and glycogen, the storage form of glucose, which is used for most day-to-day swimming movements

    同义替换：「routine」↔「day-to-day」，「saved in body」↔「contains ampler quantities」

13. , and white muscle is mostly used for short-term, fast swimming, such as escaping from 40_____.

    答案：predator

    原文定位：However, this huge auxiliary power pack carried by a fish is of crucial significance if the life of the fish is threatened-by a predator, for instance-because it enables the fish to swim rapidly away from danger

    同义替换：「short-term, fast swimming」↔「swim rapidly away」，「escaping from」↔「away from danger」