The beginning of the consumer age

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. 14 Paragraph A
   • the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity
   • the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption
   • the expansion of retail networks to meet market demands
   • the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation
   • the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide
   • the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   答案：the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   原文定位：One feature of this new culture was a heightened awareness of social status and a strong desire at all levels to show off newly acquired wealth;New social aspirations were expressed most visibly through the acquisition of consumer goods, and the concept of style became increasingly significant as a measure of social status

   同义替换：「social aspirations」↔「social status」，「shaping」↔「new」

2. 15 Paragraph B
   • the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity
   • the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption
   • the expansion of retail networks to meet market demands
   • the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation
   • the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide
   • the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   答案：the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption

   原文定位：One of the ways in which manufacturers tried to encourage consumption was by identifying a particular market;These included changes in production methods;the development of new kinds of retail outlets;the expansion of advertising;The introduction of a credit system;also went a long way towards making more goods available to more people

   同义替换：「strategies」↔「introduction of」，「promote」↔「encourage」

3. 16 Paragraph C
   • the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity
   • the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption
   • the expansion of retail networks to meet market demands
   • the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation
   • the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide
   • the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   答案：the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation

   原文定位：There were also changes to the selling environment;large shop windows were introduced to show off new products to their best advantage;Electric lighting increased their visual appeal

   同义替换：「innovations」↔「changes」，「enhance product presentation」↔「increased their visual appeal」

4. 17 Paragraph D
   • the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity
   • the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption
   • the expansion of retail networks to meet market demands
   • the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation
   • the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide
   • the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   答案：the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide

   原文定位：In the United States. where there were large distances between urban centres, mail order became a vital means whereby the rural population could acquire goods that they would not otherwise have been able to buy

   同义替换：「significance」↔「vital means」，「rural-urban divide」↔「large distances between urban centres」，「bridging」↔「acquire goods that they would not otherwise have been able to buy」

5. 18 Paragraph E
   • the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity
   • the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption
   • the expansion of retail networks to meet market demands
   • the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation
   • the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide
   • the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   答案：the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity

   原文定位：By the end of the 19th century, consumer culture had taken root in industrialized countries and was changing the way people lived and perceived their own status

   同义替换：「emergence of consumer culture」↔「consumer culture had taken root」，「impact on social and economic identity」↔「changing the way people lived and perceived their own status」

6. 19 Paragraph F
   • the emergence of consumer culture and its impact on social and economic identity
   • the strategies adopted by manufacturers to promote consumption
   • the expansion of retail networks to meet market demands
   • the innovations in the selling environment to enhance product presentation
   • the significance of mail order in bridging the rural-urban divide
   • the interplay of social aspirations consumer goods and style in shaping consumer culture

   答案：the underlying drivers behind the growth of consumer culture and its economy

   原文定位：Retail stores adapted to meet the demands of consumers;Additionally, mail-order catalogs became popular;These developments helped to drive the growth of consumer culture and the associated economy

   同义替换：「underlying drivers」↔「developments」

7. 20 By 1900, all industrialized countries were aware of the importance of both _____ and consumption.

   答案：production

   原文定位：By 1900 all major industrialised countries had become aware of the importance not only of production, but also of the consumption of goods by their citizens

8. 21 The culture of consumption played a crucial role in shaping a country's _____ and economic identity.

   答案：social

   原文定位：this played an important role in the shaping of a country's social and economic identity

   同义替换：「crucial」↔「important」

9. 22 People expressed their newly acquired wealth through the acquisition of _____ goods.

   答案：consumer

   原文定位：New social aspirations were expressed most visibly through the acquisition of consumer goods

10. 23 The dissemination of goods to a mass market required a network of activities and _____ .

    答案：institutions

    原文定位：It also required a whole network of activities and institutions

11. 24 John Wanamaker was the first to use _____ in his department store to increase the visual appeal of goods.

    答案：electricity

    原文定位：This idea was pioneered in 1877 by the US store;owner John Wanamaker;who persuaded inventor Thomas Edison to install electricity in his Philadelphia department store;Electric lighting increased their visual appeal;

    同义替换：「first to use」↔「pioneered」

12. 25-26 Which of the following played a role in the development of consumer culture in industrialized countries?
    • The Singer Sewing Machine Company
    • The department stores established in the second half of the 19th century
    • The large distances between urban centers
    • The expansion of interior areas in retail stores
    • The four thousand items listed in a mail-order catalog

    答案：The department stores established in the second half of the 19th century,The expansion of interior areas in retail stores

    原文定位：The department stores established in the second half of the 19th century;were joined by multi;branch retailers;In US department stores;interior areas expanded and large shop windows were introduced to show off new products