The Geography of Taste Bud

文章内容（节选）

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题目与答案

1. 27 Taste buds were more critical for survival in the past than they are today.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Long before our modern world of supermarkets and restaurants, taste buds served as a crucial tool to maintain the daily existence of our ancestors

   同义替换：「in the past」↔「long before our modern world」，「more critical for survival」↔「crucial tool to maintain the daily existence」

2. 28 The primary role of a sour taste was to identify foods rich in protein.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The tongue can distinguish only five basic flavour sensations - sweet, sour, bitter, salt and umami, the 'savoury' taste of meat and cheese which indicates protein

   同义替换：「identify」↔「indicates」，「sour taste」↔「umami」

3. 29 Plants produce sour-tasting acid in unripe fruit to protect their seeds
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Unpleasant tartness in unripe fruits comes from too much citric acid. This is how a tree or shrub keeps hungry diners at bay until its seeds are mature enough to travel

   同义替换：「plants」↔「tree or shrub」，「sour-tasting acid」↔「tartness」，「protect their seeds」↔「keeps hungry diners at bay until its seeds are mature」

4. 30 Animals, unlike humans, generally enjoy the taste of sour cream and yoghurt.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Unlike animals, humans have acquired a taste for tartness

5. 31 The 'mouth map' theory was based on accurate scientific research.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The concept probably originated with a German text mistranslated into English at the beginning of the 20th century

   同义替换：「accurate」↔「mistranslated」

6. The process of tasting begins when molecules from food interact with 32_____ on the tongue.

   答案：taste receptors

   原文定位：one end covered with taste receptors projecting from the tongue's surface;acidic molecules from the food bump into acid;sensitive taste receptors;

   同义替换：「interact with」↔「bump into」，「on the tongue」↔「projecting from the tongue's surface」

7. Each taste cell has a specific structure: one end has these receptors, while the other end connects to the 33_____ .

   答案：brain

   原文定位：one end inside the tongue that connects to the brain via nerves

8. For a sour taste, 34_____ molecules from food activate the relevant receptors.

   答案：acidic

   原文定位：When a person bites into a lemon, acidic molecules from the food bump into acid-sensitive taste receptors, activating a taste cell, which sends a 'sour' message to the brain

   同义替换：「for a sour taste」↔「sour message」，「activate」↔「bump into」

9. This activation causes the taste cell to send a message to the brain. For a long time, there were two main theories about how taste buds worked. One theory supported the 'mouth map' idea, suggesting that each 35_____ of the tongue had cells for only one taste.

   答案：area

   原文定位：some scientists believed that the taste buds in different areas of the tongue were filled with cells of only one type

   同义替换：「each」↔「different」

10. The opposing theory proposed that the 36_____ of the cells was unimportant because every single cell could detect all five basic tastes.

    答案：location

    原文定位：Others were not convinced and further suggested the location of cells was not an issue because each cell could sense all five tastes

    同义替换：「unimportant」↔「not an issue」，「every single」↔「each」，「detect」↔「sense」

11. A list of everyday sour foods consumed by people.
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：B

    原文定位：Sour cream, yoghurt, lemonade, gorgonzola cheese, the German fermented cabbage 'sauerkraut' and other tart treats are eaten every day by millions of people

    同义替换：「consumed」↔「eaten」

12. The reason why the 'mouth map' continued to be taught for a long time.
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：C

    原文定位：Referred to as the 'mouth map', the concept probably originated with a German text mistranslated into English at the beginning of the 20th century. As recently as 1996, 'mouth map' diagrams still appeared in university neuroscience textbooks

    同义替换：「the reason why」↔「originated with」，「continued」↔「still」，「be taught」↔「appeared in university textbooks」

13. A reference to the constant danger our ancestors faced while eating.
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：A

    原文定位：The presence of lions and other man-eating predators also added urgency to meal choices. 'If the thing didn't taste good, you might decide it's not worth it to be out in the open and at risk,' says Steve Miller

    同义替换：「constant danger」↔「man-eating predators」，「ancestors」↔「prehistoric human」，「faced while eating」↔「meal choices」

14. The recent scientific breakthrough that identified the specific mechanism for sensing sourness.
    • A
    • B
    • C
    • D
    • E
    • F

    答案：E

    原文定位：The recent discovery of the sour-taste receptor is a major step forward. Researchers found that the receptor is a specialized protein channel in the membrane of the taste cell;ultimately leading to a signal being sent to the brain

    同义替换：「breakthrough」↔「discovery」，「identified」↔「found」，「sensing sourness」↔「sour-taste receptor」