Humanities and the Health Professional

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题目与答案

1. 27 An approach that incorporates the humanities is more important for some medical disciplines than others.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：There were nurses, chiropractors, speech therapists, health administrators and professionals from a dozen other fields. Everyone commented on the need to achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise of their specific discipline;The purpose of my discussion here is to advocate a balanced approach to the education of all health professionals

   同义替换：「An approach that incorporates the humanities」↔「a balanced approach to the education」，「more important for some medical disciplines than others」↔「all health professionals」

2. Most people value medical expertise over sensitivity in their medical professionals.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：I believe that most people wish to see in their medical professional a person who not only brings excellent skills, techniques and treatments, but also personal qualities that show they are fully developed individuals. Such individuals are sensitive, communicative, and understanding of the human condition

   同义替换：「medical expertise」↔「excellent skills」，「sensitivity」↔「understanding」

3. 29 Most medical programmes devote little course time to developing interpersonal skills.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：It is evident, however, that most educational programs emphasize knowledge, clinical skill and competence, and although educators wish the person to be humanistic, empathetic and communicative, they take this aspect for granted, as if valuable educational time does not need to be allocated to this 'soft' feature of the profession

   同义替换：「devote little course time」↔「does not need to be allocated valuable educational time」，「developing interpersonal skills」↔「empathetic and communicative」

4. 30 It is more difficult to design a humanities course for health professionals than a medical one.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：We may want the health professional to understand many elements of the human condition so they can understand, assess and manage the suffering of patients, but it is harder to design and teach such a course than one on anatomy, for example

   同义替换：「more difficult to」↔「harder to」

5. 31 It would be best if a medical programme included a course about the lives of medical professionals.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Distinguished by their focus on human values, the humanities cover many areas, including history, ethics, literature, theology, art, music, law, and the social sciences as they apply to the profession. For example, a history of the profession gives us an understanding of how we have come to be where we are, and how things change and progress

6. 32 What unforeseen result did the Flexner report have?
   • It caused the public to distrust the quality of medical education.
   • It caused a dramatic increase in medical school applicants.
   • It started a fierce debate over proper laboratory methods.
   • It moved the focus of medical studies away from the humanities.

   答案：It moved the focus of medical studies away from the humanities.

   原文定位：This resulted in a pendulum swing in emphasis, directing the curriculum to the medical sciences, to the exclusion of the humanities, an imbalance never intended by Flexner

   同义替换：「moved the focus away from the humanities」↔「directing the curriculum to the medical sciences, to the exclusion of the humanities」

7. 33 The writer lists humanities activities at Dalhousie Medical School to show how these activities
   • have become the most popular events on campus.
   • widen students' educational experiences.
   • are of as high a quality as medical ones.
   • have gained acceptance with teaching staff.

   答案：widen students' educational experiences.

   原文定位：The list of activities is much longer, but it should be pointed out that these provide some balance and broaden the life and learning of the student

   同义替换：「show how these activities」↔「it should be pointed out that」，「widen students' educational experiences」↔「broaden the life and learning of the student」

8. 34 How do students at Dalhousie Medical School react to humanities activities?
   • They have difficulty letting go of the mind-set that scientific knowledge is more legitimate.
   • They report feeling that medical school has become more engaging and satisfying.
   • They have started to transfer creative ideas to their scientific and laboratory studies.
   • They have trouble connecting to talents they had valued before entering medical school.

   答案：They report feeling that medical school has become more engaging and satisfying.

   原文定位：They also comment that the humanities has made medical school a more enjoyable and fulfilling experience

   同义替换：「react to」↔「comment」，「more engaging and satisfying」↔「more enjoyable and fulfilling」

9. 35 What is the writer's main conclusion?
   • Greater emphasis on humanities in medical schools will benefit both patients and practitioners.
   • Medical schools are not adequately preparing students to become balanced medical professionals.
   • Creating a humanities programme in a medical school is an overwhelmingly difficult but necessary task.
   • Medical schools should return to the early twentieth-century model of medical education.

   答案：Greater emphasis on humanities in medical schools will benefit both patients and practitioners.

   原文定位：My firm belief is that all the healing professions should increase the balance of humanities with the traditional educational emphasis on skills and knowledge, and this will benefit both the healers and those who need to be healed

   同义替换：「main conclusion」↔「My firm belief is that」，「Greater emphasis on humanities」↔「increase the balance of humanities」，「will benefit both patients and practitioners」↔「benefit both the healers and those who need to be healed」

10. Health professionals at a recent seminar discussed a need for educational institutions to
    • generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.
    • are difficult to describe with any precision.
    • find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.
    • suggest that humanities studies create stronger practitioners.
    • rely on course textbooks to teach humanities.
    • give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.

    答案：provide more equal coverage of both medical knowledge and skills, and humanities.

    原文定位：Everyone commented on the need to achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise of their specific discipline;The purpose of my discussion here is to advocate a balanced approach to the education of all health professionals

    同义替换：「seminar」↔「meeting」，「provide more equal coverage of both medical knowledge and skills, and humanities」↔「achieve a balance between the humanities and the skills and technological expertise」

11. Most medical training programmes
    • generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.
    • are difficult to describe with any precision.
    • find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.
    • suggest that humanities studies create stronger practitioners.
    • rely on course textbooks to teach humanities.
    • give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.

    答案：give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.

    原文定位：The training of health professionals has usually been exemplary in teaching them to recognize and treat a symptom or disease, but often less attentive to the broad education that would inform and educate them about the persons who come from various cultures, backgrounds, and experiences

    同义替换：「medical training programmes」↔「The training of health professionals」，「give less attention to」↔「less attentive to」，「more to recognising and treating symptoms」↔「exemplary in teaching them to recognize and treat a symptom or disease」

12. The interpersonal and behavioural aspects of medical practice
    • generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.
    • are difficult to describe with any precision.
    • find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.
    • suggest that humanities studies create stronger practitioners.
    • rely on course textbooks to teach humanities.
    • give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.

    答案：are difficult to describe with any precision.

    原文定位：this aspect is harder to define and measure than knowledge and competence

    同义替换：「are difficult to describe with any precision」↔「harder to define」

13. Dalhousie Medical School students and faculty
    • generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.
    • are difficult to describe with any precision.
    • find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.
    • suggest that humanities studies create stronger practitioners.
    • rely on course textbooks to teach humanities.
    • give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.

    答案：generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.

    原文定位：They now come forward with ideas and activities that are more imaginative and exciting than we could have designed

    同义替换：「generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes」↔「come forward with ideas that are more imaginative and exciting imaginative」

14. Modern evidence-based practitioners
    • generate innovative and creative suggestions for activities and programmes.
    • are difficult to describe with any precision.
    • find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.
    • suggest that humanities studies create stronger practitioners.
    • rely on course textbooks to teach humanities.
    • give less attention to broad education and more to recognising and treating symptoms.

    答案：find it difficult to prove statistically the benefits of humanities programmes.

    原文定位：Will involvement in the humanities make one a better health professional? It's a question often asked of today's medical professionals but very difficult to document in this evidence-based era of medicine

    同义替换：「Modern」↔「today」，「prove statistically」↔「document」