Australian parrots and their adaptation to habitat change

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题目与答案

1. An example of how one parrot species may survive at the expense of another
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：I

   原文定位：New conditions also sometimes favour an incoming species over one that originally inhabited the area. For example, after farmers cleared large areas of forest on Kangaroo Island;galahs;destroying black cockatoo eggs in order to take the hole for their own use. Their success precipitated a partial collapse in the black cockatoo population

2. A description of how plants may adapt to attract birds.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：Like all of Australia's many honey eating birds, the rainbow-coloured lorikeets and the flowers on which they feed have long coevolved with features such as the shape and colour of the flowers adapted to the bird's particular needs

   同义替换：「plants」↔「flowers」，「attract」↔「adapted to」，「description」↔「features」，「coevolved」↔「adapted」

3. Example of two parrot species which benefited from changes to the environment.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：Two of the dry country parrots;the pink and grey galah and the pink;white and yellow corella have expanded their ranges in recent years;They are among the species that have adapted well to the changes brought about by European settlement forest telling created grasslands where galahs and corellas thrive

   同义替换：「benefited from」↔「adapted well to」，「environment」↔「settlement」

4. How the varied Australian landscape resulted in a great variety of parrot species.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：The parrots spread from ancestral forests through eucalypt woodlands to colonies the central deserts of Australia, and as a consequence they diversified into a wide range of species with adaptations that reflect the many changes animals and plants had to make to survive in these areas

   同义替换：「landscape」↔「forests, woodlands, central deserts」，「resulted in」↔「as a consequence」，「great variety of」↔「diversified into a wide range of」，「adaptation」↔「survive」

5. A reason why most parrot species are native to the southern hemisphere.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：Due to their great diversity, and since most species inhabit Africa, Australia and South America, it seems almost certain that parrots originated millions of years ago on the ancient southern continent of Gondwana, before it broke up into the separate southern hemisphere continents we know today

   同义替换：「native」↔「inhabit」，「hemisphere」↔「continent」，「reason why」↔「due to」，「split up」↔「broke up into separate」

6. An example of a parrot species which did not survive changes to its habitat.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：H

   原文定位：The clearing of large areas of rainforest is probably responsible for the disappearance of the double-eyed fig parrot, and numbers of ground parrots declined when a great part of their habitat was destroyed by the draining of coastal swamps

   同义替换：「did not survive」↔「disappearance」，「changes to its habitat」↔「clearing of rainforest」，「example of a parrot species」↔「double-eyed fig parrot」

7. 20 The writer believes that most parrot species
   • Move from Africa and South America to Australia.
   • Had ancestors in either Africa, Australia or South America.
   • Had ancestors in a continent which later split up.
   • Came from a continent now covered by water.

   答案：Had ancestors in a continent which later split up.

   原文定位：Parrots originated millions of years ago on the ancient southern continent of Gondwana, before it broke up into the separate southern hemisphere continents we know today

   同义替换：「ancestors」↔「originated」，「split up」↔「broke up into separate」，「hemisphere」↔「continent」

8. 21 What does the Writer say about parrot's beak?
   • They are longer than those of other birds.
   • They are made of a unique material.
   • They are used more efficiently than those of other species.
   • They are specially adapted to suit the diet.

   答案：They are specially adapted to suit the diet.

   原文定位：The size of a parrot's short, blunt beak and the length of that beak's curved upper section are related to the type of food each species eats. Some have comparatively long beaks that are perfect for extracting seeds from fruit; others have broader and stronger beaks that are designed for cracking hard seeds

   同义替换：「specially adapted」↔「designed for」，「suit the diet」↔「related to the type of food」

9. 22 Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the writer as a disadvantage of nesting boxes?
   • They cost too much.
   • They need to be maintained.
   • They provide only shelter, not food.
   • They are too few of them.

   答案：They need to be maintained.

   原文定位：Nest box programmers help ease the shortage of nesting sites in some places, but there are not enough, they are expensive and they are not an adequate substitute by large, old trees, such as the habitat they represent and nectar, pollen and seeds they provide

   同义替换：「cost too much」↔「expensive」，「too few」↔「not enough」

10. Parrots in Australia

    There are 345 varieties of parrot in existence and, of these, 23_____ live in Australia.

    答案：one-sixth

    原文定位：One- sixth of the world's 345 parrot species are found there, and Australia has long been renowned for the number and variety of its parrots

    同义替换：「live in」↔「found」

11. As early as the 24_____,

    答案：16th century

    原文定位：In the 16th century, the German cartographer Mercator made a world map that included a place

    同义替换：「mapmaker」↔「cartographer」

12. the mapmaker 25_____ recognized that parrots lived in that part of the world.

    答案：Mercator

    原文定位：In the 16th century, the German cartographer Mercator made a world map

    同义替换：「mapmaker」↔「cartographer」

13. 26_____, the famous painter of animals and birds, commented on the size and beauty of the Australian parrot family.

    答案：John Gould

    原文定位：In 1865, the celebrated British naturalist and wildlife artist John Gould said

    同义替换：「painter」↔「artist」，「animals and birds」↔「wildlife」，「commented on」↔「said」，「celebrated」↔「famous」