Reef Fish Study

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题目与答案

1. 1 Research to date has concentrated on the importance of escape speed in surviving an attack by a predator.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Body size, weight, growth rate,overall condition, sensory development and escape speed have all been linked to survival. Of these, body size has received the most attention from researchers

   同义替换：「has concentrated on」↔「has received the most attention from」

2. Method:

   ·larval fish are drawn into a special trap with the aid of 10_____ .

   答案：artificial light

   原文定位：We collect the larval fish immediately prior to settlement using purpose-built traps that use artificial light to attract and contain fish of this life stage only

   同义替换：「drawn into a special trap」↔「using purpose-built traps to attract」

3. ·11_____ are also collected

   ·both undergo trials

   答案：predatory fish

   原文定位：These fish are subsequently transported to an aquarium, along with predatory fish, before being used in a series of aquarium and field-based trials

   同义替换：「are also collected」↔「along with」

4. Possible reasons why 'bigger' is not always "better':

   ·the number and type of predatory fish on the reef can vary from place to place

   ·physical features (e.g. 12_____ ) affect which prey a predator can eat

   答案：mouth size

   原文定位：This relationship is driven by physical characteristics of predators, such as mouth size, and behavioural differences between different predator species

5. ·optimal foraging theory suggests that the most common choice of prey should be 13_____ in size

   ·large juvenile fish may swim slowly and so may be targeted more often

   答案：medium-sized

   原文定位：This usually results in a preference for medium-sized prey

   同义替换：「the most common choice of」↔「a preference for」

6. 2 According to the 'bigger is better hypothesis, larger animals have better eyesight.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：This theory predicts that larger body size should increase an individual's ability to escape from a predator due to the characteristics associated with this, such as overall strength and visual development

   同义替换：「animals」↔「individual」，「better eyesight」↔「visual development」

7. 3 Early-juvenile reef fish share similar characteristics.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：We want to examine the predator-prey relationship during the 'early juvenile' or larval phase of tropical fish, and determine whether a predator's choice of prey is influenced by factors such as the prey's size, weight and swimming speed, as these characteristics vary from individual to individual at the beginning of the juvenile stage

   同义替换：「share similar characteristics」↔「characteristics vary from individual to individual」

8. 4 Fully developed reef fish have a slower swimming speed than juveniles.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：We want to examine the predator-prey relationship during the 'early juvenile' or larval phase of tropical fish, and determine whether a predator's choice of prey is influenced by factors such as the prey's size, weight and swimming speed, as these characteristics vary from individual to individual at the beginning of the juvenile stage

9. Life cycle of fish in the Lizard Island study

   Phase 1: Larval stage

   ·takes place in the 5_____

   答案：open ocean

   原文定位：Most coral reef fish have a life cycle consisting of an open ocean larval phase followed by a juvenile to adult phase near the reef

10. Phase 2: Juvenile stage

    ·takes place close to the 6_____

    ·the move from one habitat to another is called settlement

    答案：reef

    原文定位：Most coral reef fish have a life cycle consisting of an open ocean larval phase followed by a juvenile to adult phase near the reef

    同义替换：「close to」↔「near」

11. ·7_____ rates are high in the early part of this stage

    Phase 3: Adult stage

    答案：mortality

    原文定位：This point is commonly known as 'settlement. Not surprisingly, it is also characterised by increased levels of mortality in the first 48 hours following settlement

12. Aim:

    ·to study the relationship between predator and prey in juvenile reef fish Problems:

    i)time - change of habitat takes place in summer and is linked to the 8_____

    答案：new moon

    原文定位：On the northern Great Barrier Reef, coral reef fish settlement usually occurs within 2-3 days of anew moon during the warmer summer months

    同义替换：「habitat」↔「settlement」

13. ii)working conditions

    iii)adaptation - difficult to move and settle fish into the 9_____

    答案：aquarium

    原文定位：obstacles arc overcome using a combination of innovative techniques, long working hours and a measure of Sheer persistence. We collect the larval fish immediately prior to settlement using purpose-built traps that use artificial light to attract and contain fish of this life stage only. These fish are subsequently transported to an aquarium, along with predatory fish, before being used in a series of aquarium and field-based trials

    同义替换：「difficult to move and settle fish」↔「transported fish and adapting them」