The strange world of sight

文章内容（节选）

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题目与答案

1. 27 Why does the writer refer to Locke and Newton in the first paragraph?
   • to indicate that his article will cover several scientific fields
   • to stress how much physics has changed in 400 years
   • to persuade the reader to take him seriously
   • to point out that his notions are not new

   答案：to point out that his notions are not new

   原文定位：Two of the great British men of the 17th century, the philosopher John Locke and the physicist Isaac Newton, were both aware that objects are not coloured;This is still not generally recognised even now, 400 years later

   同义替换：「notions are not new」↔「400 years later」

2. 28 According to the writer, why was Freud’s theory of the unconscious mocked?
   • It was too complex for his contemporaries to understand.
   • It involved criticism of the way people behaved in society.
   • People felt that it devalued the accepted concept of humanity.
   • People assumed that it was intended as a joke.

   答案：People felt that it devalued the accepted concept of humanity.

   原文定位：This idea of unconscious inference for perception preceded, by several years, the psychoanalyst Freud's notion of the unconscious, which was also initially treated with derision because it undermined the notion of humans are pre-eminently rational beings who could be held responsible for their actions and awarded blame or praise accordingly

   同义替换：「was mocked」↔「treated with derision」，「devalued the accepted concept of humanity」↔「undermined the notion of humans are pre-eminently rational beings」

3. 29 The writer describes Mr S failing to get up in order to demonstrate
   • how realistic most people's memories are.
   • how hard it is to tell dreaming and waking apart.
   • how unusual it is to mistake a perception for memory.
   • how valuable knowledge of the past can be.

   答案：how unusual it is to mistake a perception for memory.

   原文定位：if we see the present through memory, why aren't past and present confused? The pioneering Russian neurologist Alexander Luria described the case of Mr S, who had a remarkable memory, however, he was prone to just such confusions, for example mistaking seeing his clock for remembering it, and so falling to get up in the morning. This suggests that perhaps an important function of perception is to underline the present. Individual perceptions have a vividness that is rare for memories

   同义替换：「mistake a perception for memory」↔「mistaking seeing his clock for remembering it」

4. 30 What point is the writer making in the text as a whole?
   • Perception involves much more than the data collected by the eyes.
   • Learning to see as an adult can be a time-consuming process.
   • Science is failing to devote enough attention to sight.
   • Human perception is remarkably reliable.

   答案：Perception involves much more than the data collected by the eyes.

   原文定位：perceptions are unconscious inferences we make based on a combination of clues provided by the eyes and other senses, and knowledge of the world;perception of the present depends on rich knowledge from the past;perception animates parts of the brain associated with both present information and memory

5. 31 Sydney Bradford relied or recollections of objects he had been told about to help him see after his operation.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Although immediately after the operation he was able to 'see' but he could only see those things that he already knew about, having experienced them through touch. It was his touch memories that enabled him to preserve them with his eyes

   同义替换：「recollections of objects he had been told about」↔「experienced them through touch」

6. 32 People who only start to see as adults can learn to see as other people do in time.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：Since his operation, his sight has gradually improved as he learns to see, for example, by understanding how shadows represent depth and tell us about the shape of things

   同义替换：「can learn to see as other people do」↔「his sight has gradually improved as he learns to see」，「in time」↔「gradually」

7. 33 People who have gained their sight as adults find certain activities harder to do than before.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：Some of the consequences of May's new-found vision were less happy. He had been a champion blind skier, but following the operation, he would have to shut his eyes while skiing to block out what he now found was a terrifying sight

   同义替换：「find certain activities harder to do」↔「terrifying sight」

8. 34 it is evident now that sight involves the eyes and one particular area of the brain.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Seeing used to be thought of as taking place only in the eyes, and in quite specialised brain region; but now it seems that half the brain is occupied with seeing, requiring a lot of energy

   同义替换：「one particular area」↔「quite specialised brain region」，「evident now」↔「but now it seems」，「half the brain」↔「not one particular area」

9. 35 The mask experiment is particularly useful in training people who are regaining their sight.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：people not seeing a hollow face as hollow is the most revealing experiment on perception;A dramatic and discomforting example is looking at the two sides of a face-mask

10. 36 People with perfect vision can fail to interpret objects correctly under certain circumstances.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：YES

    原文定位：The unsettling truth from brain science is that even people with no visual impairment see what, at some level, they expect to see, and often miss things as they really are

    同义替换：「perfect vision」↔「no visual impairment」，「fail to interpret objects correctly」↔「miss things as they really are」，「under certain circumstances」↔「at some level」

11. The mask experiment

    In this experiment, having looked at the front of a simple face-mask, subjects look at the reverse. However, the subjects are convinced that they are still looking at mask which is 37_____ in shape.
    • back
    • brain
    • view
    • convex
    • sight
    • nose

    答案：convex

    原文定位：From the front it is a convex shape with the nose sticking out. Then if the mask is rotated, the back of the mask will be seen as convex, though we know that it must be concave

    同义替换：「poking out」↔「convex」，「reverse of」↔「seen as」

12. They believe that the 38_____ is poking out the normal manner because that is what they are used to seeing.
    • back
    • brain
    • view
    • convex
    • sight
    • nose

    答案：nose

    原文定位：From the front it is a convex shape with the nose sticking out

    同义替换：「poking out」↔「sticking out」

13. Attempting to make a 39_____ of the mask in this orientation leads to the same problem.
    • back
    • brain
    • view
    • convex
    • sight
    • nose

    答案：drawing

    原文定位：It is almost, if not quite, impossible to sketch the back of a hollow mask to look as it is;hollow

    同义替换：「sketch」↔「drawing」

14. The subjects fail to see a concave form because of the 40_____ they have that features of a face stick out.
    • back
    • brain
    • view
    • convex
    • sight
    • nose

    答案：preconception

    原文定位：people with no visual impairment see what, at some level, they expect to see

    同义替换：「expect to see」↔「preconception」