Jean Piaget 1896 - 1980

文章内容（节选）

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题目与答案

1. 27 In the second paragraph the writer mentions the example of modern anthropology to illustrate
   • the universality of Piaget's insights into the workings of the mind.
   • the similarity between children's thought processing in different cultures.
   • how Piaget's work represents a crucial turning-point in our approach to education.
   • how Piaget's work has aided our understanding of man's evolution from primitive origins.

   答案：how Piaget's work represents a crucial turning-point in our approach to education.

   原文定位：Although not an educational reformer, Piaget championed a way of thinking about children that provided the foundation for today's education-reform movements. It was a shift comparable to the way modern anthropology displaced stories of primitive tribes

   同义替换：「Piaget's work represents」↔「Piaget championed a way of thinking」，「crucial turning-point in our approach to education」↔「provided the foundation for today's education-reform movements」

2. 28 According to the writer, what point is illustrated by the dialogue about the wind?
   • The factual accuracy of what children say is of minor significance.
   • Children want to learn about scientific principles.
   • Children's reasoning processes can be amusing to adults.
   • Children often pretend that they know the answers to questions.

   答案：The factual accuracy of what children say is of minor significance.

   原文定位：Piaget recognized that five-year-old Julia's beliefs, while not correct by any adult criterion, are not 'incorrect' either. They are entirely sensible and coherent within the framework of the child's way of knowing. Classifying them as 'true' or 'false' misses the point

   同义替换：「minor significance」↔「misses the point」，「the factual accuracy」↔「Classifying them as true or false」

3. 29 Piaget believed in the importance of
   • preventing children from making false assumptions.
   • giving children honest feedback on their hypotheses.
   • showing children how to formulate their own ideas about the world.
   • maintaining children's confidence in their ability to interpret the world.

   答案：maintaining children's confidence in their ability to interpret the world.

   原文定位：If their theories are always greeted by;Nice try, but this is how it really is;they might give up after a while on making theories;children have real understanding only of that which they invent themselves

   同义替换：「interpret the world」↔「making theories」

4. 30 What does the writer suggest in the seventh paragraph?
   • Children's sense of their surroundings changes as they get older.
   • Children are able to grasp certain complex ideas as well as adults are.
   • Even apparently irrational ideas can be worthy of interest.
   • Sometimes the simplest explanations are the best.

   答案：Even apparently irrational ideas can be worthy of interest.

   原文定位：Disciples of Piaget have a tolerance for-indeed a fascination with-children's primitive laws of physics

   同义替换：「apparently irrational ideas」↔「children's primitive laws of physics」，「can be worthy of interest」↔「fascination with」

5. 31 The writer's main purpose is to
   • outline Piaget's contribution to a range of scientific fields.
   • summarise how education has benefited from Piaget's findings.
   • discuss Piaget's role in the development of 20th-century psychology.
   • express doubts about a number of Piaget's theories.

   答案：outline Piaget's contribution to a range of scientific fields.

   原文定位：provided the foundation for today's education-reform movements;his influence on psychology may be longer lasting;made epistemology a science;artificial intelligence and the information-processing model of the mind owe more to Piaget;core of Piaget is his belief about the nature of knowledge

6. Piaget maintained that children's mental processes were far more 32_____ than they might appear.
   • correct
   • theories
   • brain
   • simple
   • teachers
   • psychology

   答案：logical

   原文定位：Piaget began to suspect that behind their cute and seemingly irrational utterances were thought processes that had their own kind of order and their own special logic

   同义替换：「mental」↔「thought」

7. He encouraged the view that a child was not a “blank slate” waiting to be filled with information, but rather a systematic builder of knowledge who regularly tries out his or her own 33_____ about the world.
   • correct
   • theories
   • brain
   • simple
   • teachers
   • psychology

   答案：theories

   原文定位：children are not empty vessels to be filled with knowledge;but active builders of knowledge;little scientists who are constantly creating and testing their own hypotheses about the world

   同义替换：「tries out his or her own」↔「creating and testing their own」，「theories」↔「hypotheses」

8. Piaget's impact on the area of 34_____ could well outlast that of more celebrated pioneers of this discipline.
   • correct
   • theories
   • brain
   • simple
   • teachers
   • psychology

   答案：psychology

   原文定位：though he may not be as famous as Sigmund Freud or even B F Skinner, his influence on psychology may be longer lasting

   同义替换：「impact」↔「influence」，「could well outlast」↔「longer lasting」

9. Despite doubts cast over his ideas by the current view associating knowledge exclusively with the 35_____ the effects of his work are still strong today.
   • correct
   • theories
   • brain
   • simple
   • teachers
   • psychology

   答案：brain

   原文定位：viewing knowledge as an intrinsic property of the brain

   同义替换：「associating knowledge exclusively with」↔「knowledge as an intrinsic property of」

10. His principles are still widely used in the professional development of 36_____ .
    • correct
    • theories
    • brain
    • simple
    • teachers
    • psychology

    答案：teachers

    原文定位：He has been revered by generations of teachers;Although every teacher in training still memorises Piaget's successive stages

    同义替换：「professional development」↔「teacher in training」，「widely used in」↔「revered by generations of teachers」

11. 37 Piaget`s early work in Paris involved innovative research techniques.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：In 1920, while doing research in a child-psychology laboratory in Paris, Piaget noticed that children of the same age made similar errors on intelligence tests

12. 38 Piaget gave clear guidelines as to how adults should give information to children.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NO

    原文定位：Piaget was not an educator and never laid down rules about how to intervene in such situations

    同义替换：「gave clear guidelines」↔「laid down rules」，「how adults should give information to children」↔「how to intervene in such situations」

13. 39 Piaget made a significant contribution to the field of epistemology.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：YES

    原文定位：His real interest was epistemology-the theory of knowledge-which, like physics, was considered a branch of philosophy until Piaget came along and made it a science

    同义替换：「made a significant contribution」↔「made it a science」

14. 40 We still have much to learn about the nature of knowledge.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：YES

    原文定位：the difference between what the baby brings and what the adult has is so immense that the new discoveries do not significantly reduce the gap, but only increase the mystery

    同义替换：「still have much to learn」↔「increase the mystery」