The Robbers Cave Study

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题目与答案

1. 27-28 Which TWO of the following statements about the boys who took part in the study are made by the writer?
   • They had approximately the same number of friends.
   • Some of their parents helped to set up the camp.
   • They selected the group that they wanted to be in.
   • They were responsible for bringing their own tents.
   • They received clothes that identified the group they belonged to.
   • Some of them were criticised for dropping litter.

   答案：They had approximately the same number of friends.,They received clothes that identified the group they belonged to.

   原文定位：The groups were roughly matched in terms of sporting ability, camping experience and general popularity among their peers;The groups were given a set of caps and t-shirts, and gave themselves names: the 'Eagles' and the 'Rattlers

   同义替换：「approximately the same number of」↔「roughly」，「friends」↔「peers」，「received clothes」↔「were given a set of caps and t-shirts」，「identified the group」↔「gave themselves names」

2. 29-30 According to the passage, which TWO of the following statements are true of the experimenters who ran the study?
   • They collected their data from secret observation posts.
   • They encouraged the boys to use the terms 'them' and 'us'.
   • They used a rating exercise to assess the amount of in-group bias.
   • They took steps to avoid personal injury among the boys.
   • They secretly altered some of the results of the tournament.
   • They joined in with the non-competitive activities.

   答案：They used a rating exercise to assess the amount of in-group bias.,They secretly altered some of the results of the tournament.

   原文定位：In order to check how high the levels of group self-centredness were in the groups at this time, a number of tasks were set up which involved the groups rating their own members and members of the other group;Needless to say, these scores were manipulated by the experimenters;Eventually, the Eagles won the tournament (with some help from the experimenters)

   同义替换：「used a rating exercise」↔「rating their own members and members of the other group」，「assess the amount of in-group bias」↔「check how high the levels of group self-centredness were」，「secretly altered some of the results」↔「these scores were manipulated」，「altered the tournament results」↔「won the tournament with some help from the experimenters」

3. The Grand Tournament

   The Grand Tournament marked the second part of Sherif's experiment. It included a range of 31_____ that each team would compete in, and the allocation of extra points for things like cleaning cabins.

   答案：sporting events

   原文定位：The groups were told that they were going to take part in a 'Grand Tournament', which involved 10 different sporting events, and they were shown the prizes for winning

   同义替换：「range」↔「different」，「compete in」↔「take part in」

4. To increase the competitive element of the tournament, the organisers used 32_____ in the dining hall.

   答案：scoreboards

   原文定位：These scores were displayed on big scoreboards in what now became a joint hall where the two groups ate their meals together

   同义替换：「used」↔「displayed on」，「dining hall」↔「a joint hall where the two groups ate their meals together」

5. They also made sure that the boys were under the impression that their scores were nearly 33_____ as the tournament neared its end.

   答案：equal

   原文定位：This was necessary so the two groups would think they were on almost equal scores in the time leading up to the final event, which would increase the sense of competition

   同义替换：「nearly」↔「almost」，「as the tournament neared its end」↔「in the time leading up to the final event」，「were under the impression that」↔「would think」

6. The 34_____, who were thought to be the tougher group, won the first ball game and lost the second.

   答案：Rattlers

   原文定位：When the tournament started, the first game was basketball. The group that was thought to be less tough lost the game and claimed that they had lost only because the other group were bigger and older than they were;Eventually, the Eagles won the tournament (with some help from the experimenters) and it was time for phase three to begin

   同义替换：「won the first ball game and lost the second」↔「lost the first game, the Eagles won the next ball game」

7. In other games there were accusations of 35_____ .

   答案：cheating

   原文定位：The Eagles won the next ball game and then were said to be cheating in the tug-of-war

   同义替换：「accusations of」↔「were said to be」，「in other games」↔「in the tug-of-war」

8. During the next day, various instances of conflict occurred within the boys' cabins. Eventually, the tournament was won by the group that was considered to be 36_____ —the Eagles.

   答案：less tough

   原文定位：The group that was thought to be less tough lost the game;Eventually, the Eagles won the tournament

   同义替换：「considered」↔「thought」

9. Phase 3: Non-competitive contact

   | Conditions | Type of situation | Result |

   | --- | --- | --- |

   | Equal status | a) eating | 37_____ |

   | | b) 38_____ | enjoyed them but were not sitting together |

   | Common goal | c) raising money | |

   | 39_____ | d) 40_____ | e.g. friendship groups / stuck truck |

   答案：food fights|||films|||common goal|||problem-solving situation

   原文定位：The meals resulted in food fights;the films were enjoyed by both groups sitting totally apart from each other;they had a common goal to work towards;solving problems, such as one with the water supply;another problem-solving situation arose when one of the trucks became stuck

   同义替换：「eating」↔「meals」，「not sitting together」↔「sitting totally apart」，「stuck truck」↔「problem-solving situation」