Mind music

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题目与答案

1. 14 a description of the characteristics common to songs with earworms
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：Songs with earworm potential appear to share certain features: a repeating pattern of ups and downs in pitch, and an irregular musical interval

2. 15 a justitication for research into earworms
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：Some neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists are studying earworms to explore the mysteries of memory and the part of the brain that is beyond our conscious control

3. 16 a description of the brain's reaction to known and unknown songs
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：Dr Halpern's earlier studies showed that when subjects listened to the first few notes of familiar music, areas in the right frontal and superior temporal portions of the brain became activated, along with the supplementary motor area at the top, which is typically involved in remembering sequences. When the same subjects listened to unfamiliar music and were asked to recall it, there was activity in the left frontal portions of the brain instead

4. 17 details of proposed research into the frequency with which earworms occur indifferent age groups
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：H

   原文定位：Drs Stewart and Halpern are now working together to recruit survey participants for a study looking at whether people at different stages of life experience earworms differently

5. Goldsmiths study

   18 Researchers from Goldsmiths concluded that the music we imagine in our minds is quite similar to recordings. They proved this by asking volunteers to record the rhythm of music using a monitor on their _____ .

   答案：wrist

   原文定位：Researchers had 17 volunteers tap to the beat of any earworm they heard during a four-day period while a device attached to their wrist recorded their movements

6. 19 Further research has demonstrated that those who hear earworms more frequently have brains that may deal with _____ differently from other people.

   答案：emotions

   原文定位：Another Goldsmiths study, published this year in Consciousness and Cognition, found that people who report hearing earworms often, and find them most intrusive, have slightly different brain structures, with more gray matter in areas associated with processing emotions

7. 20 Dr Stewart also believes that the brain is _____ by earworms when it is not focused on a task.

   答案：unoccupied

   原文定位：Dr Stewart likens earworms to 'sonic screen savers' that keep the mind entertained while it is otherwise unoccupied

8. 21 In fact, a reduction in the occurrence of earworms was found to be directly related to how _____ the task was Interestingly, volunteers' diaries revealed that the songs they heard inside their head reflected their moods, so the choice of music is not accidental.

   答案：challenging

   原文定位：Dr Stewart observed that the more challenging the activity, the less likely the volunteers were to hear the music

9. Some musicians create music that is intentionally memorable.
   • A Lauren Stewart
   • B Ira Hyman
   • C Andrea Haiper
   • D John Seabrook

   答案：D John Seabrook

   原文定位：John Seabrook, author of The Song Machine: Inside the Hit Factory, about how producers pump pop songs full of aural "hooks", the punchy melodic phrases designed to target the brain and leave it wanting more

10. People are unable to completely regulate how they think.
    • A Lauren Stewart
    • B Ira Hyman
    • C Andrea Haiper
    • D John Seabrook

    答案：A Lauren Stewart

    原文定位：The idea that we have full control over our thought processes is an illusion,' says psychologist Lauren Stewart

11. We can remember songs without knowing that we have heard them.
    • A Lauren Stewart
    • B Ira Hyman
    • C Andrea Haiper
    • D John Seabrook

    答案：D John Seabrook

    原文定位：Even tunes you may have heard but didn't pay attention to can worm their way into your subconscious, says Ira Hyman, a psychologist at Western Washington University in Bellingham, USA

12. Thinking about music has a similar effect on the brain to hearing music.
    • A Lauren Stewart
    • B Ira Hyman
    • C Andrea Haiper
    • D John Seabrook

    答案：C Andrea Haiper

    原文定位：Imaging studies by Andrea Halpern at Bucknell University, in Lewisburg, USA, have shown that deliberately imagining music and actually listening to music activate many of the same neurological networks

13. Earworms are more persistent when only a short section of the song is constantly replayed.
    • A Lauren Stewart
    • B Ira Hyman
    • C Andrea Haiper
    • D John Seabrook

    答案：B Ira Hyman

    原文定位：Some earworms are just fragments of a song that repeat like a broken record. So, when the mind hits a part of a song it can't remember, it loops back rather than moving on. That could make an earworm even more entrenched, Dr Hyman says