Coins - the first form of money

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题目与答案

1. 14 Paragraph A
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：what lies ahead is not guaranteed

   原文定位：There is even a belief that they will one day be obsolete and money will at last have achieved the pure status of a mathematical formulation

   同义替换：「what lies ahead」↔「one day」，「is not guaranteed」↔「a belief that they will one day be obsolete」

2. 15 Paragraph B
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：valuable historical evidence of earlier civilisations

   原文定位：Coins are among the most durable of our artefacts, and future archaeologists will scrutinise coins in order to learn about their distant ancestors

   同义替换：「earlier civilisations」↔「distant ancestors」，「historical evidence」↔「archaeologists will scrutinise coins to learn about」

3. 16 Paragraph C
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated

   原文定位：Before coins, trade was based on barter: the direct trade of commodities. Metal coins were far more portable

   同义替换：「system of exchange」↔「trade」，「easier and less complicated」↔「far more portable」

4. 17 Paragraph D
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：determining the value of a coin

   原文定位：The value of coins was generally based on the intrinsic value of the metal they were made of

   同义替换：「determining the value」↔「The value of coins was generally based on」

5. 18 Paragraph E
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：a way to advertise a particular area

   原文定位：Coins were a way of advertising the qualities of each particular city-state

   同义替换：「area」↔「city-state」

6. 19 Paragraph F
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：consistent coins indicated reliability

   原文定位：Greek coins' uniform design is the beautiful features of the city's patron, Athena (with her owl on the reverse of the coin), which seem to have been repeated virtually unaltered for many years

   同义替换：「consistent」↔「uniform design」

7. 20 Paragraph G
   • training those who produced currency
   • a way to advertise a particular area
   • in Greece, gold was more abundant than silver
   • determining the value of a coin
   • a system of exchange that was easier and less complicated
   • associating faces with famous historical individuals

   答案：associating faces with famous historical individuals

   原文定位：One side of a coin was always occupied by the head of a divinity, so it was a relatively small step, at around 323 BC, for Greek coins to replace that head with the portrait of the reigning monarch

   同义替换：「faces」↔「head」，「famous historical individuals」↔「reigning monarch」

8. Which TWO of the following observations concerning ancient coins does the author make?
   • The individuals who produced the coins have left no written evidence of their names.
   • Coins were not commonly used as a method of payment in exchange for goods.
   • Different examples of coins sharing the same pattern often appeared noticeably dissimilar from one another.
   • Greek coins were more attractive in appearance than those produced by the Romans.
   • On occasion, Greece manufactured an excessive quantity of coins.

   答案：The individuals who produced the coins have left no written evidence of their names.,Different examples of coins sharing the same pattern often appeared noticeably dissimilar from one another.

   原文定位：One of the distinctive features of coins, in fact, is that they are the work of anonymous craftsmen;The endless variety encountered in coins with the same designs is due to the fact that the moulds had to be remade repeatedly, by many different artisans

   同义替换：「individuals who produced the coins」↔「craftsmen」，「have left no written evidence of their names」↔「anonymous」，「pattern」↔「designs」，「appeared noticeably dissimilar」↔「endless variety」

9. Greek traders and coins

   The territory of ancient Greece consisted of numerous independent 23_____ spread across a vast region.

   答案：city-states

   原文定位：Their civilsation, which was composed of dozens of city-states, was highly decentralised

   同义替换：「numerous independent」↔「dozens of」，「consisted」↔「composed」

10. A large proportion of Greeks were sailors who travelled the seas engaging in commerce. Prior to the introduction of coins, they had to conduct transactions through 24_____ .

    答案：barter

    原文定位：Before coins, trade was based on barter: the direct trade of commodities

    同义替换：「Prior to the introduction of」↔「Before」，「conduct transactions」↔「trade」，「through」↔「based on」

11. This meant that whenever they departed on a journey, they had to transport large quantities of merchandise, which was susceptible to harm during voyages. The Greeks took a strong liking to coins; they were constructed from metal, and both climatic conditions and seawater had minimal impact on them. Greece possessed ample reserves of 25_____ ,

    答案：silver

    原文定位：The value of coins was generally based on the intrinsic value of the metal they were made of. At first this was mostly silver

12. which they extracted themselves, yet managed to avoid the issue of 26_____ that the Spanish experienced many years later, when excessive quantities of gold from the Americas flooded their economy.

    答案：inflation

    原文定位：Had the Greek silver mining been on larger scale,it could have caused problems similar to those faced by the Spanish centuries later, when so much gold from the New World was brought into their economy that it resulted in serious inflation

    同义替换：「issue」↔「problems」，「experienced」↔「faced by」，「excessive quantities of」↔「so much」，「flooded」↔「brought into」