Elephant communication

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题目与答案

1. 28_____ bones inner ear

   答案：hammer

   原文定位：The hammer bone in an elephant's inner ear is proportionally huge for a mammal

2. an extremely large 29_____

   答案：body

   原文定位：First, their massive bodies, which enable them to give out low-frequency sounds almost as powerful as the sound a jet makes during takeoff, serve as ideal frames for receiving ground vibrations and transmitting them to the inner ear

   同义替换：「extremely large」↔「massive」

3. toe and fatty 30_____

   答案：pad

   原文定位：Second, the elephant's toe bones are set on a fatty pad, which might be of help when focusing vibrations from the ground into the bone

4. big-sized brain skull with many 31_____

   答案：sinus cavities

   原文定位：The front of the skull is riddled with sinus cavities, which might function as resonating chambers for ground vibrations

   同义替换：「big」↔「enormous」，「many」↔「riddled with」

5. How the elephants sense these sound vibrations is still unknown, but O'Connell-Rodwell, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, proposes that elephants are 'listening' with their 32_____

   答案：trunks and feet

   原文定位：It remains unclear how the elephants detect such vibrations, but O' Connell-Rodwell raises a point that the pachyderms are 'listening' with their trunks and feet instead of their ears

   同义替换：「researcher」↔「fellow」

6. by two kinds of nerve endings that respond to vibrations with both 33_____ frequency and slightly higher frequencies.

   答案：infrasonic

   原文定位：Both trunk and feet contain two types of nerve endings that are sensitive to pressure - one detects infrasonic vibration, and another responds to vibrations higher in frequencies

7. O'Connell-Rodwell's work is at the combination of geophysics, neurophysiology and 34_____ .

   答案：ecology

   原文定位：Our work is really interfaced of geophysics, neurophysiology and ecology

   同义替换：「combination」↔「interfaced」

8. It was known that seismic communication existed extensively within small animals, but O'Connell-Rodwell was the first person to indicate that a large land animal would send and receive 35_____ too.

   答案：seismic signals

   原文定位：Nevertheless, O'Connell-Rodwell first argued that a giant land animal is also sending and receiving seismic signals

   同义替换：「large」↔「giant」

9. Also, he noticed the freezing behaviour by putting a male planthopper on a stem and play back a female call, which might prove the existence of other communicative approaches besides 36_____ .

   答案：auditory communication

   原文定位：I find it so fascinating, and it got me thinking that perhaps auditory communication is not the only thing that is going on

   同义替换：「other communicative approaches」↔「not the only thing that is going on」

10. Scientists have determined that an elephant's ability to communicate over long distances is essential, especially, when elephant herds are finding a 37_____, or are warning of predators.

    答案：mate

    原文定位：It is already difficult for an elephant to find a mate in such a vast wild land

11. Finally, the results of our 2002 study showed us that elephants could detect warning calls through the 38_____ .

    答案：ground

    原文定位：The outcomes of our 2002 study revealed that elephants could indeed sense warning signals through the ground

    同义替换：「detect」↔「sense」

12. 39 According to the passage it is determined that an elephant needs to communicate over long distances for its survival
    • when a threatening predator appears.
    • when young elephants meet humans.
    • when older members of the herd want to flee from the group.
    • when a male elephant is in estrus.

    答案：when a threatening predator appears.

    原文定位：Scientists have confirmed that an elephant's capacity to communicate over long distance is essential for survival;Breeding herds also adopt low-frequency sounds to send alerts regarding predators

    同义替换：「threatening predator appears」↔「send alerts regarding predators」

13. 40 What is the author's attitude toward the experiment by using three different recordings in the last paragraph?
    • The outcome is definitely out of the original expectation.
    • The data cannot be very clearly obtained.
    • The result can be somewhat undecided or inaccurate.
    • The result can be unfamiliar to the public.

    答案：The outcome is definitely out of the original expectation.

    原文定位：However, the fascinating finding is that the anti-predator call from Kenya, which is unfamiliar to them, caused them to gather around;I didn't expect the results to be that clear-cut

    同义替换：「definitely out of the original expectation」↔「I didn't expect the results to be that clear-cut」