Playing soccer

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题目与答案

1. a contrast between the ways young players gain experience of playing different positions.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：E

   原文定位：One of the basic ideas of street soccer is that young players are assigned a particular role by a better player and are expected to play for the good of the team, Such an assignment runs counter to the idea of youth soccer that every child needs to learn every position and will benefit from doing so

   同义替换：「contrast between」↔「runs counter to」，「ways」↔「assignment」，「gain experience」↔「learn」，「different」↔「every」

2. examples outside sport of greater emphasis on individual safety.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：Like the 1960s consumer movement which brought seat belts and airbags to cars, the (youth) soccer movement felt like it could create a set of regulations that would protect both the child's body and mind from damage

   同义替换：「examples outside sport」↔「seat belts and airbags」，「greater emphasis on」↔「create a set of regulations that would protect」，「individual safety」↔「protect both the child's body and mind from damage」

3. a description of methods of selection for leadership on soccer teams.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：F

   原文定位：Positions of responsibility are earned through competition within the team. Younger players in street soccer must wait to attain those positions

   同义替换：「selection for leadership」↔「positions of responsibility」，「methods」↔「earned through competition」，「soccer teams」↔「within the team」

4. details of urban changes that discourage street soccer.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：However, there are lots of cities in the world today where conditions are such that street soccer is no longer possible. Congested traffic now dominates where games were once played. Parks and open fields are used as hangouts for older teenagers with other interests

   同义替换：「discourage street soccer」↔「street soccer is no longer possible」

5. a mention of the lesson that failure teaches street soccer players.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：In street soccer, every game results in a winner and a loser and everyone knows who is who. Losing a game is a common experience and players learn early on how to handle this. As a result, unlike most youth soccer players, they acquire resilience

   同义替换：「failure」↔「losing」，「teaches」↔「learn how to handle」，「lesson」↔「resilience」

6. an explanation of why youth soccer emphasizes the need for coaches.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：A growing body of people don't believe street soccer involves a legitimate educational method. They argue that children need to be taught by experts

   同义替换：「emphasizes the need for」↔「need to be taught by」，「coaches」↔「experts」

7. 20-21 The list below gives some possible reasons for the popularity of street soccer. Which TWO of these reasons are mentioned by the writer of the text?
   • Many famous soccer players got their start in street soccer.
   • Young people can begin playing street soccer at a very early age.
   • You do not need elaborate facilities to play street soccer.
   • Inexperienced street soccer players are not criticized for mistakes.
   • Street soccer teams can have varying numbers of players.

   答案：You do not need elaborate facilities to play street soccer.,Street soccer teams can have varying numbers of players.

   原文定位：Unlike youth soccer, its more formally organized counterpart;no large space is needed;and goal posts, corner markers, and marked lines;are typically absent;Another attraction of street soccer is that;does not necessarily require standard;11-a-side teams or fixed playing positions;

   同义替换：「reasons for the popularity 」↔「attraction」，「do not need elaborate facilities」↔「no large space is needed」，「varying」↔「not necessarily require standard」

8. 22-23 The list below goes some possible results of the 1960s parenting style. Which TWO of these results are mentioned by Franklin Foer in the excerpt from How Soccer Explains the World?
   • Participation in youth soccer became much more expensive.
   • Some youth soccer leagues adopted more restrictive rules of play.
   • Fewer young people joined youth soccer teams.
   • Youth soccer players were sometimes rewarded for simply playing in games.
   • Soccer equipment manufacturers directed advertising towards parents.

   答案：Some youth soccer leagues adopted more restrictive rules of play.,Youth soccer players were sometimes rewarded for simply playing in games.

   原文定位：soccer parents have worried over the potential for injury to the brain. An entire industry grew up to manufacture protective headgear. Even though very little medical evidence supports this fear, some youth leagues prohibited heading the ball altogether

   同义替换：「restrictive rules」↔「prohibited」，「rewarded」↔「prizes」，「results」↔「adopted rules」

9. Winners and losers

   For youth soccer players, a key 24_____ is that they should always come away from the game with a positive attitude.

   答案：principle

   原文定位：Everyone's a winner; no one's a loser is a guiding principle of youth soccer. This ensures each individual goes away positive about themselves

   同义替换：「key」↔「guiding」，「come away with a positive attitude」↔「goes away positive about themselves」

10. In this respect, regardless of the effort the players make, they get some kind of 25_____ at the end of a game.

    答案：reward

    原文定位：Since giving less than your best receives the same reward as giving your best why go to any extra effort

    同义替换：「regardless of the effort」↔「giving less than your best」，「get some kind of」↔「receives the same」

11. In street soccer, however, players gain resilience because they have to learn to cope with failure. But the outcome of a match isn't remembered for long. In fact, no-one ever keeps a 26_____ of the results of games.

    答案：record

    原文定位：A further difference between these two strands of soccer is that in street soccer a formal record is not kept

    同义替换：「results」↔「record」