# Urban migration - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 最近考试：2020.8.20/2019.7.18/2015.1.10/2014.9.20 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/68a43341-67fc-4138-bf6a-2c5ff543c42b（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:03,160 Section four. You will hear part of a lecture about urban migration. First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty. 00:00:55,420 Now, listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:01:03,400 Good afternoon, and welcome to my talk on urban migration today. The world has experienced unprecedented urban growth in the recent decades. As much as three percent of Earth's land mass has been urbanized, an increase of at least fifty percent over previous estimates. 00:01:24,240 Today, people living in cities already outnumber those in rural areas, and the trend does not appear to be reversing. In addition, cities have larger amounts of carbon consumption than rural areas. This is a result from two major aspects. First, with the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Second, urban households have a higher rate of car ownership and use more gasoline products. Even though rural exodus is often negatively judged, there are also benefits of migration shared by the local environment and the society as a whole. Well, firstly, global trends of increasing urban migration and population urbanization can provide opportunities for nature conservations, particularly in regions where deforestation is driven by agriculture. As rural dwellers leave their homes, local forests are left to recover. What's more, it is easier for city dwellers to get around. Living in the country means transport can be very difficult. For instance, after midnight, there are no buses or taxis in the countryside. However, there is still a number of public transport modes to choose from in the city. 00:02:54,320 Finally, with more funds and advanced technology, cities endeavor to produce clean energy. New power plants have been built to take harmful methane gas created by the decomposition of rubbish and convert it into electricity. By doing so, an important greenhouse gas is turned into useful energy rather than being directly emitted into the atmosphere. The hustle and bustle of city life offers women the opportunity to explore different professions and pursue their own careers. Women in cities work as engineers, managers, and even football players. This change of roles has affected their marital status and family life. More women are choosing their careers over marriage, which raises the graph of late marriages. As a result, more are remaining single well into their late thirties. They want to be independent and earn money on their own. It is also easier for them to get a promotion while working in the city. Women are slowly achieving wider participation at work, while in rural areas, the mindset is still very conservative. 00:04:17,420 However, cities also change the way that humans interact with each other and the environment, often causing multiple problems. In general, urban wages are significantly higher, so moving to the city is an opportunity to earn what was impossible in rural areas. 00:04:36,200 However, the wage difference is often offset by the higher cost of living and absence of self-produced goods, including substance farming. A sizable proportion of new corners attach greater importance to money and gradually abandon their former way of life, thus risking losing their culture. These new city residents are also faced with another problem. According to statistics, crime rates are significantly higher in densely populated urban regions than in rural areas. For instance, property crime rates in our metropolitan areas are three to four times as high in comparison to the rates in rural communities. Immigrants, upon arrival into cities, typically move into the poor, blighted neighborhoods because that is where they can afford to live. 00:05:33,500 Crime in these areas is high and reflects poor living conditions as these neighborhoods experience great levels of poverty. This pattern also occurs for violent crimes, which is much more common in large urban areas than elsewhere. In addition, traffic congestion and industrial manufacturing are prominent features of the urban landscape, which take their toll on the natural environment and those who depend on it. 00:06:05,020 Air pollution from both cars and factory emissions affect the health of countless urban residents. Rural to urban migration can boost the urban economy. With a better economy, cities provide their residents with better welfare. But the concentration of services and facilities such as education, health, and technology in urban areas inevitably contributes to greater energy consumption. Another problem with life in the city is traffic congestion. It makes people late to work and thus stresses us out before we even get there. Deliveries can't arrive on time. Gas costs money. The quality of life of those commuters starts to decline. 00:06:52,880 What's worse is that if congestion makes it harder to match the right workers to the best jobs, it is economically inefficient as well. 00:07:04,180 That is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. Cities now - produce less 31_____ than countryside by 40-50% Cities now - produce less 31_____ than countryside by 40-50% **答案**：carbon 原文定位：In addition, cities have larger amounts of carbon consumption than rural areas 同义替换：「countryside」↔「rural areas」；「produce」↔「consumption」 ### 32. Advantage for moving into the city - good for 32_____ to recover Advantage for moving into the city - good for 32_____ to recover **答案**：forests 原文定位：Well, firstly, global trends of increasing urban migration and population urbanization can provide opportunities for nature conservations, particularly in regions where deforestation is driven by agriculture. As rural dwellers leave their homes, local forests are left to recover 同义替换：「moving into the city」↔「population urbanization」；「good for」↔「provide opportunities for」 ### 33. - poor 33_____ in the countryside or rural area - poor 33_____ in the countryside or rural area **答案**：transport 原文定位：What's more, it is easier for city dwellers to get around;Living in the country means transport can be very difficult;For instance, after midnight, there are no buses or taxis in the countryside 同义替换：「poor」↔「very difficult」 ### 34. - clean energy: methane gas produced from 34_____ - clean energy: methane gas produced from 34_____ **答案**：rubbish 原文定位：Finally, with more funds and advanced technology, cities endeavor to produce clean energy. New power plants have been built to take harmful methane gas created by the decomposition of rubbish and convert it into electricity 同义替换：「produced from」↔「created by」 ### 35. Women - are more likely to have late marriage - can gain more 35_____ at work, instead getting married Women - are more likely to have late marriage - can gain more 35_____ at work, instead getting married **答案**：promotion 原文定位：More women are choosing their careers over marriage, which raises the graph of late marriages;It is also easier for them to get a promotion while working in the city 同义替换：「can gain more」↔「is also easier for them to get」；「instead getting married」↔「choosing their careers over marriage」 ### 36. Downsides of moving into the city - losing 36_____ because people have to work hard to maintain life Downsides of moving into the city - losing 36_____ because people have to work hard to maintain life **答案**：culture 原文定位：A sizable proportion of new corners attach greater importance to money and gradually abandon their former way of life, thus risking losing their culture 同义替换：「people」↔「a sizable proportion of new comers」；「have to work hard to maintain life」↔「attach greater importance to money and gradually abandon their former way of life」 ### 37. - higher rate of 37_____ in the city than in the country - higher rate of 37_____ in the city than in the country **答案**：crime 原文定位：These new city residents are also faced with another problem. According to statistics, crime rates are significantly higher in densely populated urban regions than in rural areas 同义替换：「higher rate of」↔「rates are significantly higher」；「in the city」↔「in densely populated urban regions」 ### 38. - poor quality of 38_____ in the city - poor quality of 38_____ in the city **答案**：air 原文定位：Air pollution from both cars and factory emissions affect the health of countless urban residents 同义替换：「in the city」↔「urban residents」 ### 39. Economic reason - increased 39_____ in population result in increase in higher energy consumption Economic reason - increased 39_____ in population result in increase in higher energy consumption **答案**：welfare 原文定位：With a better economy, cities provide their residents with better welfare. But the concentration of services and facilities such as education, health, and technology in urban areas inevitably contributes to greater energy consumption 同义替换：「result in」↔「contributes to」；「increase in」↔「greater」 ### 40. - heavy 40_____ stressful. - heavy 40_____ stressful. **答案**：congestion 原文定位：Another problem with life in the city is traffic congestion. It makes people late to work and thus stresses us out before we even get there --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。