Marketing and mind control

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. 27 According to the writer, which marketing technique attempts to make consumers stay in a shop for longer?
   • playing appealing music
   • emitting pleasant scents
   • displaying attractive posters
   • making in-store announcements

   答案：emitting pleasant scents

   原文定位：More surreptitiously, our olfactory system is targeted by variations of vanilla and citrus perfumes aimed at enticing us to linger in a retail outlet

   同义替换：「make consumers stay in a shop for longer」↔「enticing us to linger in a retail outlet」，「pleasant scents」↔「vanilla and citrus perfumes」

2. 28 The writer mentions bottled water in order to show that
   • consumers buy it because of the fact that it is marketed.
   • people purchase it despite the fact that it has no taste.
   • marketers need not do taste tests when a campaign is effective.
   • tests prove that people cannot differentiate it from tap water.

   答案：consumers buy it because of the fact that it is marketed.

   原文定位：In the case of bottled water, we are swayed by advertising into paying for something that we can obtain for free

   同义替换：「because of the fact that it is marketed」↔「swayed by」

3. 29 According to the writer, socially transmitted food preference occurs when
   • only dominant members of an animal group influence what others eat.
   • the same types of animals naturally prefer the same types of food.
   • animals are influenced by what any other animals of the same species eat.
   • a food type is more desirable because an animal views that food as scarce.

   答案：animals are influenced by what any other animals of the same species eat.

   原文定位：If we provide a lab rat with two types of cereal, it will consume approximately the same amount of each. However, if we put that rat with another rat that spent its day eating just one type, when faced with a choice, our rat will now show a preference for the same type as the other rat was eating. Psychologists call this ' socially transmitted food preference

   同义替换：「influenced by」↔「show a preference for」

4. 30 According to the writer, how is learning by observation and imitation a useful feature of the brain?
   • it helps people overcome challenges.
   • positive models can influence social behaviour.
   • it can give an advantage when communicating with others.
   • cultural norms and relationships can be understood more easily.

   答案：it helps people overcome challenges.

   原文定位：Learning by observation can be an extraordinarily valuable brain feature, this is how we learn to communicate and perform motor skills as well as deal with many everyday problems

   同义替换：「useful」↔「valuable」，「helps people overcome challenges」↔「deal with many everyday problems」

5. 31 According to the writer, how does television advertising exploit the human tendency to imitate others?
   • It shows buying behaviour that marketers want to encourage in viewers.
   • It features people who have a desirable image.
   • It shows older people whom teenagers admire.
   • It features successful people endorsing products responsible for their success.

   答案：It features people who have a desirable image.

   原文定位：Anybody who has watched TV knows advertisements are disproportionately populated with attractive, successful looking individuals. If we are going to imitate someone, we are more inclined to imitate those who appear to be popular and appealing

   同义替换：「tendency to」↔「more inclined to」，「features people who have a desirable image」↔「attractive, successful looking, popular, appealing individuals」

6. 32 The diamond campaign worked by making a connection in people's minds between diamonds and luxury.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：Rather than pushing a brand, the objective was to promote diamonds as the symbol of everlasting love;This was achieved by;associating;love’ with ‘diamonds

   同义替换：「luxury」↔「everlasting love」，「connection」↔「associating」

7. 33 People are more aware of visual marketing than auditory marketing.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Our visual system is targeted by;posters, billboards;Our auditory system submits to;radio jingles and telemarketers

8. 34 The campaign advertising diamonds had a positive influence on society.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：By 1941, diamond sales had increased by 55%

9. 35 There is still some uncertainty about whether animals copy the behaviour of the most powerful animals among them.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：Although not all researchers are convinced by the findings, a number of studies indicate that some animals also imitate dominant members of their group

   同义替换：「still some uncertainty」↔「not all researchers are convinced」，「copy the behaviour」↔「imitate」，「most powerful animals」↔「dominant members of their group」

10. 36 Consumers make a logical connection between celebrities ' achievements and the products they promote.
    • YES
    • NO
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NO

    原文定位：Rationally, we know these people's success did not depend on these products

    同义替换：「logical connection」↔「rationally」，「celebrities' achievements」↔「people's success」

11. The behaviour of the monkeys on the island of Koshima showed that
    • people imitated behaviour that was linked with success.
    • younger animals of a certain species are more likely to imitate each other.
    • an animal would imitate another that had higher status.
    • imitation of popular sportspeople has occurred for many decades.
    • products are marketed to potential consumers who are unaware that marketing is occurring.
    • animals can develop new habits by observation.

    答案：animals can develop new habits by observation.

    原文定位：She began taking her dirt - covered sweet potatoes to the river to wash them before eating them. Upon seeing this, a few 11 other open - minded monkeys picked up on the idea. Potato washing then spread from monkey to monkey and

12. Primatologist Frans de Waal found that
    • people imitated behaviour that was linked with success.
    • younger animals of a certain species are more likely to imitate each other.
    • an animal would imitate another that had higher status.
    • imitation of popular sportspeople has occurred for many decades.
    • products are marketed to potential consumers who are unaware that marketing is occurring.
    • animals can develop new habits by observation.

    答案：an animal would imitate another that had higher status.

    原文定位：Primatologist Frans de Waal provides anecdotal evidence of preferential imitation among chimpanzees. He noted that in one particular group the dominant male was hurt and was limping as a result. Soon unlikely if a non-dominant male had been injured

    同义替换：「higher status」↔「dominant male」

13. Dick Fosbury is mentioned in order to show that
    • people imitated behaviour that was linked with success.
    • younger animals of a certain species are more likely to imitate each other.
    • an animal would imitate another that had higher status.
    • imitation of popular sportspeople has occurred for many decades.
    • products are marketed to potential consumers who are unaware that marketing is occurring.
    • animals can develop new habits by observation.

    答案：people imitated behaviour that was linked with success.

    原文定位：When athlete Dick Fosbury revolutionised the high jump by jumping over the bar backward in 1968, imitators obviously copied his jumping style, not his brand of sports shoes

14. A feature of some modern marketing campaigns is that
    • people imitated behaviour that was linked with success.
    • younger animals of a certain species are more likely to imitate each other.
    • an animal would imitate another that had higher status.
    • imitation of popular sportspeople has occurred for many decades.
    • products are marketed to potential consumers who are unaware that marketing is occurring.
    • animals can develop new habits by observation.

    答案：products are marketed to potential consumers who are unaware that marketing is occurring.

    原文定位：Companies engage in stealth marketing campaigns in which people are paid to frequent bars or websites to covertly promote certain products

    同义替换：「modern」↔「stealth」，「unaware that marketing is occurring」↔「covertly promote」