Healthy Buildings, Productive People

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题目与答案

1. 14 Paragraph A
   • the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there
   • the ability of well-designed workplaces to attract the best staff
   • the assessment of workplaces in several locations
   • the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users
   • achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists
   • workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   答案：the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users

   原文定位：It is estimated that we spend more than 90 percent of our time inside, but builders in general have paid little attention to the health aspects of indoor spaces, instead focusing on superficial design features and on meeting minimum environmental standards to keep costs down

   同义替换：「low priority」↔「paid little attention to」，「making buildings healthy for users」↔「the health aspects of indoor spaces」

2. 15 Paragraph B
   • the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there
   • the ability of well-designed workplaces to attract the best staff
   • the assessment of workplaces in several locations
   • the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users
   • achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists
   • workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   答案：the financial benefits of efficient workplaces

   原文定位：an analysis by the team showed that the cost of making alterations that could boost cognitive performance significantly was minuscule compared with the related increase in productivity

3. 16 Paragraph C
   • the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there
   • the ability of well-designed workplaces to attract the best staff
   • the assessment of workplaces in several locations
   • the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users
   • achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists
   • workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   答案：workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   原文定位：24 office workers;came to the lab and performed their regular work under minimal supervision, as well as participating in an hour and a half of cognitive testing at the end of the day

   同义替换：「assessed」↔「cognitive testing」，「outside of their usual workplace」↔「lab」

4. 17 Paragraph D
   • the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there
   • the ability of well-designed workplaces to attract the best staff
   • the assessment of workplaces in several locations
   • the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users
   • achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists
   • workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   答案：the assessment of workplaces in several locations

   原文定位：they compared test scores of 109 people working in 10 buildings - about 12 people per site - in two buildings in each of five cities

   同义替换：「assessment」↔「compared test scores」，「several locations」↔「two buildings in each of five cities」

5. 18 Paragraph E
   • the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there
   • the ability of well-designed workplaces to attract the best staff
   • the assessment of workplaces in several locations
   • the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users
   • achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists
   • workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   答案：the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there

   原文定位：A recently constructed building;is providing another opportunity to examine how green building design can affect health and behavior;Results showed that people were more likely to take part in spontaneous collaborations... and to be physically active

   同义替换：「new environmentally friendly building」↔「newly constructed building」

6. 19 Paragraph F
   • the effects of a new environmentally friendly building on the people who work there
   • the ability of well-designed workplaces to attract the best staff
   • the assessment of workplaces in several locations
   • the low priority given to making buildings healthy for users
   • achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists
   • workers were assessed outside of their usual workplace

   答案：achieving design efficiency by involving a range of specialists

   原文定位：Complex projects like this one need teams of people with varied backgrounds and expertise in order to solve them

   同义替换：「involving a range of specialists」↔「teams of people with varied backgrounds and expertise」

7. Further investigations will result in improved wellbeing and efficiency.
   • Joseph Allen
   • Craig Zimring
   • Piers MacNaughton
   • Amy Eyler

   答案：Craig Zimring

   原文定位：If these findings are replicated in other labs and in real-world work environments, they could lead to designs that provide much more outside air;in turn, promoting better health and performance

   同义替换：「Further investigations」↔「findings are replicated」，「improved wellbeing and efficiency」↔「better health and performance」

8. A person's opinion of their workspace may influence how well they perform at work
   • Joseph Allen
   • Craig Zimring
   • Piers MacNaughton
   • Amy Eyler

   答案：Piers MacNaughton

   原文定位：This has led researchers to believe that other factors, such as how someone feels about their working environment, may also play a part

   同义替换：「A person's opinion of their workspace」↔「how someone feels about their working environment」，「influence how well they perform」↔「play a part」

9. The design of a workplace can have an impact on how much staff work with their colleagues.
   • Joseph Allen
   • Craig Zimring
   • Piers MacNaughton
   • Amy Eyler

   答案：Amy Eyler

   原文定位：Results showed that people were more likely to take part in spontaneous collaborations in the new space than in the older ones, and to be physically active

   同义替换：「how much staff work with their colleagues」↔「spontaneous collaborations」

10. A worker's mental capacity may be considerably reduced due to their working environment.
    • Joseph Allen
    • Craig Zimring
    • Piers MacNaughton
    • Amy Eyler

    答案：Craig Zimring

    原文定位：The findings are remarkable for showing in a well-controlled study, that indoor air quality can significantly lower cognitive performance in buildings that would otherwise meet current building standards

    同义替换：「mental capacity」↔「cognitive performance」，「considerably reduced」↔「significantly lower」，「working environment」↔「indoor air quality」

11. Healthy Buildings, Productive People

    Allen's first study was done at the Syracuse Center, which focuses on researching 24_____ .

    答案：sustainability

    原文定位：The team's first study;was conducted at the Syracuse Center of Excellence, a US research organization devoted to studying and developing sustainability

    同义替换：「focuses on researching」↔「devoted to studying」

12. In this study, a complex ventilation system was used to control the airflow in the simulated workplace. All staff carried out normal duties during the day without much 25_____ .

    答案：supervision

    原文定位：24 office workers;came to the lab and performed their regular work under minimal supervision

    同义替换：「carried out normal duties」↔「performed their regular work」，「without much」↔「under minimal」

13. Later in the day participants were assessed as they performed tasks which required them to play a role, for example acting as 26_____ while dealing with practical problems.

    答案：mayor

    原文定位：The cognitive tasks used in the study had participants respond to online scenarios that mimic real-life situations, such as running a city as a mayor

    同义替换：「play a role」↔「running a city as a mayor」，「dealing with practical problems」↔「respond to online scenarios that mimic real-life situations」