# Good parenting - 科目：雅思阅读真题（Part 2） - 考频：超高频 - 最近考试：2025.8.23 - 题目数：12 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/73f8b555-c7e1-4873-bf1f-4fc0f13df731（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 A Raising a baby may, at first, appear to be a highly personal, intimate affair between child and caregiver. In fact, there are often very public battles over every facet of child care, however: Breastfeeding or bottle-feeding? Breastfeeding in public? Toilet training - when and how? Nothing escapes judgment or scrutiny. Restlessness and crying at bedtime are no different, and three different schools of thought have emerged around how parents should respond to this problem. These have been called extinction, attachment parenting, and graduated extinction. B Attachment parenting, a term coined by pediatrician William Sears, suggests that children form powerful emotional bonds with caregivers during early childhood that have implications for their development through life. The basis for this theory was generated within the field of developmental psychology during the 1950s when researcher John Bowlby proposed that maternal deprivation during infancy could decrease a person's ability to form healthy adult relationships years later. Attachment parenting seeks to avoid this tendency by placing great importance on childhood bonding through the caregiver's holding and cuddling of her baby when he is upset. Attachment parenting also suggests that babies’ ability to communicate their requirements is limited to crying and that parents need to learn to understand different types of crying signals. No crying is considered superfluous - even if the baby merely wants to be comforted rather than fall asleep - caregivers are encouraged to affirm these desires. C The extinction method proposes that, so long as a baby has had adequate calorie intake during the day, he or she can reasonably be expected to maintain nocturnal somnolence. The core postulates of this approach were laid down by Emmett Holt but they have been extrapolated upon by authors such as Warwick Reilly and further adapted recently by Melinda Collins to form the extinction method of today. Caregivers are encouraged to develop a gentle evening routine that involves feeding 45 minutes before bed, bathing, dressing and laying the baby in his sleeping sack, walking out and closing the door, and remaining out of the child's presence until dawn even if he cries for extended periods of time. It is expected that sooner or later children will realize that crying is ineffective and that they must learn to comfort themselves into slumber. D Graduated extinction is a modulated version of the extinction method. It postulates that a process of learning needs to be undertaken in order for children to sleep through the night. Richard Ferber, the doctor who popularized this method in the 1980s, emphasized the progressive withdrawal of the caregiver's company with the child in bed as a way to solve infant sleep problems. At first, for example, the caregiver is encouraged to hold and caress the baby until he or she is asleep. Once this routine is established, the caregiver should lie down next to the baby but touch it less and less until the baby can sleep without contact. Eventually, the caregiver can sit on a chair nearby, and finally, it is hoped that he or she can retreat from the room altogether. The key to this approach is that the caregiver must never capitulate to a child's demands for comfort if he starts to become restless or vocal as the method unfolds over time. E Doing so is said to let the baby know that he does not need to learn to sleep through the night without comfort or interaction, and also to lessen the chances that the caregiver will complete the program, knowing that a ‘quick fix' is available. Ferber has since altered his stance to acknowledge the acceptability of co-sleeping and suggests that there is no single method or golden rule for overcoming sleep difficulties. ## 题目与答案 ### 27. 27 The phrase ‘attachment parenting’ was invented by a _____ . 27 The phrase ‘attachment parenting’ was invented by a _____ . **答案**：pediatrician 原文定位：Attachment parenting, a term coined by pediatrician William Sears 同义替换：「invented」↔「coined」 ### 28. 28 The principles of attachment parenting are derived from the discipline of _____ . 28 The principles of attachment parenting are derived from the discipline of _____ . **答案**：developmental psychology 原文定位：The basis for this theory was generated within the field of developmental psychology during the 1950s 同义替换：「principles」↔「basis」；「derived from」↔「generated within」；「discipline」↔「field」 ### 29. 29 The key points of the ‘extinction’ school of thought originated from the work of _____ . 29 The key points of the ‘extinction’ school of thought originated from the work of _____ . **答案**：Emmett Holt 原文定位：The core postulates of this approach were laid down by Emmett Holt 同义替换：「key points」↔「core postulates」；「originated from」↔「laid down by」 ### 30. 30 Dr. Ferber initially thought the parent should not spend the night with the child but now thinks _____ is all right. 30 Dr. Ferber initially thought the parent should not spend the night with the child but now thinks _____ is all right. **答案**：co-sleeping 原文定位：Ferber has since altered his stance to acknowledge the acceptability of co-sleeping 同义替换：「all right」↔「acceptability」 ### 31. After a strict bedtime schedule, the child is unattended till morning. After a strict bedtime schedule, the child is unattended till morning. - attachment parenting - extinction - graduated extinction **答案**：extinction 原文定位：develop a gentle evening routine;remaining out of the child's presence until dawn even if he cries 同义替换：「strict bedtime schedule」↔「evening routine」；「unattended till morning」↔「until dawn」 ### 32. All crying is a vocalization of important needs. All crying is a vocalization of important needs. - attachment parenting - extinction - graduated extinction **答案**：attachment parenting 原文定位：No crying is considered superfluous - even if the baby merely wants to be comforted rather than fall asleep - caregivers are encouraged to affirm these desires 同义替换：「All」↔「every」；「important needs」↔「desires」 ### 33. Caregiver presence as the child drifts to sleep should decrease over time. Caregiver presence as the child drifts to sleep should decrease over time. - attachment parenting - extinction - graduated extinction **答案**：graduated extinction 原文定位：At first, for example, the caregiver is encouraged to hold and caress the baby until he or she is asleep. Once this routine is established, the caregiver should lie down next to the baby but touch it less and less until the baby can sleep without contact 同义替换：「presence decrease over time」↔「touch less and less」 ### 34. The emphasis is on the physical closeness between baby and caregiver at any time. The emphasis is on the physical closeness between baby and caregiver at any time. - attachment parenting - extinction - graduated extinction **答案**：attachment parenting 原文定位：Attachment parenting seeks to avoid this tendency by placing great importance on childhood bonding through the caregiver's holding and cuddling of her baby when he is upset 同义替换：「physical closeness」↔「holding and cuddling」 ### 35. Well-fed babies should sleep through the night. Well-fed babies should sleep through the night. - attachment parenting - extinction - graduated extinction **答案**：extinction 原文定位：The extinction method proposes that, so long as a baby has had adequate calorie intake during the day, he or she can reasonably be expected to maintain nocturnal somnolence 同义替换：「Well-fed」↔「adequate calorie intake」；「sleep through the night」↔「nocturnal somnolence」 ### 36-37. Attachment Parenting very stressful as parents have to give in to 36_____ of the baby but not yet any 37_____ to show that it works Attachment Parenting very stressful as parents have to give in to 36_____ of the baby but not yet any 37_____ to show that it works **答案**：every demand|||proof 原文定位：No crying is considered superfluous - even if the baby merely wants to be comforted rather than fall asleep - caregivers are encouraged to affirm these desires 同义替换：「give in to」↔「affirm」；「desires」↔「demand」 ### 38-39. Extinction Method a good night’s sleep is attained by family members because the baby is 38_____ and but can lead to 39_____ such as despair & unhappiness later in life Extinction Method a good night’s sleep is attained by family members because the baby is 38_____ and but can lead to 39_____ such as despair & unhappiness later in life **答案**：well-fed|||emotional problems 原文定位：so long as a baby has had adequate calorie intake during the day;maternal deprivation during infancy could decrease a person's ability to form healthy adult relationships years later 同义替换：「despair & unhappiness」↔「emotional problems」；「later in life」↔「years later」 ### 40. Graduated Extinction a central position so 40_____ have been avoided Graduated Extinction a central position so 40_____ have been avoided **答案**：vociferous attacks 原文定位：Graduated extinction is a modulated version of the extinction method. It postulates that a process of learning needs to be undertaken in order for children to sleep through the night 同义替换：「central position」↔「modulated version」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。