Viking Ireland

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题目与答案

1. 14 Section B
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：doubts about the truth of historical documents

   原文定位：Scholars continue to examine the texts written by monks but are also considering their limitations. “Most researchers accept now that the raids were not the first contact, as the old texts suggest

   同义替换：「doubts」↔「considering」，「historical」↔「old」，「documents」↔「texts」

2. 15 Section C
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：a decision to remain in Ireland for longer periods

   原文定位：According to archeologist Ruth Jonson, the Vikings started with sporadic summer raids, but after some years of profitable plunder, they decided to stay and built settlements for the winter

   同义替换：「decision」↔「decided」，「remain」↔「stay」

3. 16 Section D
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：a research technique providing unexpected information

   原文定位：Carbon dating, which measures the age of organic materials based on the amount of radioactive carbon 14 remaining in a specimen, usually gives a range of likely dates for the time of death;The dates were not what Simpson had thought they would be

   同义替换：「unexpected」↔「not」，「information」↔「thought they would be」

4. 17 Section E
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking

   原文定位：The fourth individual excavated at South Great George's Street was the most intact of the group and revealed the most about the lives and hardships of Vikings at this time

   同义替换：「insight into」↔「revealed」，「particular」↔「individual」

5. 17 Section E
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking

   原文定位：The fourth individual excavated at South Great George's Street was the most intact of the group and revealed the most about the lives and hardships of Vikings at this time

   同义替换：「insight into」↔「revealed」，「particular」↔「individual」

6. 18 Section F
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：the particular locations Vikings grew up

   原文定位：Such tests indicate where a person spent their childhood

   同义替换：「grew up」↔「childhoods」

7. 19 Section G
   • a possible genetic link between the Vikings and the Irish
   • an assumed similarity with previous discoveries
   • the need for additional data
   • an insight into the lifestyle of a particular Viking
   • doubts about the truth of historical documents
   • a research technique providing unexpected information

   答案：the need for additional data

   原文定位：more excavations and tests will be needed

   同义替换：「additional」↔「more」

8. The Vikings were aware of the financial benefits of staying in Ireland.
   • Linzi Simpson
   • Gareth Williams
   • Ruth Johnson

   答案：Ruth Johnson

   原文定位：after some years of profitable plunder, they decided to stay and built settlements for the winter

   同义替换：「financial benefits」↔「profitable」

9. Written accounts reporting when the Vikings arrived in Ireland may not be accurate.
   • Linzi Simpson
   • Gareth Williams
   • Ruth Johnson

   答案：Gareth Williams

   原文定位：Most researchers accept now that the raids were not the first contact, as the old texts suggest

   同义替换：「written accounts」↔「old texts」

10. The inconsistency in sets of data came as a surprise.
    • Linzi Simpson
    • Gareth Williams
    • Ruth Johnson

    答案：Linzi Simpson

    原文定位：These dates seem impossibly early and difficult to reconcile with the available historical and archaeological sources

    同义替换：「inconsistency」↔「difficult to reconcile」

11. It may be the case that the archaeological evidence gathered so far is being affected by geological factors.
    • Linzi Simpson
    • Gareth Williams
    • Ruth Johnson

    答案：Gareth Williams

    原文定位：there is something in the water or soil in Dublin skewing the data

    同义替换：「being affected by」↔「skewing」

12. The Fourth Viking of South Great George`s Street

    When the remains of the fourth Viking were excavated at South Great George's Street, it became clear that they were of a male who was tall by the days’ 24 _____ of that time.

    答案：standards

    原文定位：he was approximately 1.70m. tall by the day's standards

13. Due to strenuous physical activity, his 25 _____ as well as his arms were well-developed

    答案：torso

    原文定位：with the muscular torso and upper limbs that would have come from hard, ocean-going rowing

    同义替换：「well-developed」↔「muscular」，「arms」↔「upper limbs」

14. but several of his bones indicated stresses that would have dated from his 26_____ .

    答案：childhood

    原文定位：His bones showed stresses associated with heavy lifting beginning in childhood

    同义替换：「dated from」↔「beginning in」

15. He also had a genetic abnormality in his lower 27_____ .

    答案：spine

    原文定位：he had a congenital deformity at the base of his spine

    同义替换：「genetic abnormality」↔「congenital deformity」，「lower」↔「base of」

16. His burial differed from that of the other three Vikings discovered at the site, as no 28_____ were included.

    答案：weapons

    原文定位：Unlike the three other men, he was not buried with weapons

    同义替换：「included」↔「with」