The peopling of Patagonia

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题目与答案

1. 27 In the first paragraph, what is the writer's main point about migration to Patagonia?
   • It started earlier than previously thought.
   • Historians have overlooked its importance.
   • It impacts on research into the wider region.
   • Researchers have calculated its effects on the environment.

   答案：It impacts on research into the wider region.

   原文定位：The earliest occupation of Patagonia carries obvious implications for understanding when the North and South American continents were peopled, because it gives a baseline that all calculations regarding the rate of dispersion of humans throughout both continents must take into account

   同义替换：「impacts」↔「implications」，「wider region」↔「continents」，「research」↔「understanding」

2. 28 In the second paragraph, what is the writer's purpose?
   • to challenge previous research
   • to propose new areas to investigate
   • to summarise a scholarly debate
   • to suggest reasons for human migration

   答案：to summarise a scholarly debate

   原文定位：However, fundamental disagreements developed concerning the length of time involved. Some scholars accepted;while others proposed;and the debate is still with us today

3. 29 The writer refers to the Tate' model in order to
   • compare it with another theory of migration.
   • evaluate the success of American migration.
   • criticise the speed of research into migration.
   • compare migration in different parts of the world.

   答案：compare it with another theory of migration.

   原文定位：The ‘late’ model demands a hypothetical migration conceived of as a single, continually advancing wave of settlement;many scholars now support the idea of an early model that sees the migration as a less ordered migration

4. 30 What is the writer's main point about the 'early' model?
   • Scholars support the idea of fast migrations.
   • It is too random to be a convincing theory.
   • South America was more habitable at an earlier time.
   • It is more consistent with the physical conditions of the land.

   答案：It is more consistent with the physical conditions of the land.

   原文定位：Many scholars now support the idea of an early model that sees the migration as a less ordered migration, and this is surely the most realistic scenario as migrants slowly adapted to the diverse natural habitats they would have met while travelling through the continent

   同义替换：「physical conditions」↔「natural habitats」，「consistent with」↔「realistic」

5. 31 What does the writer suggest about the Monte Verde site?
   • It is much younger than researchers once estimated.
   • It provides supporting evidence for relatively early settlement.
   • Archaeologists believe the site is of questionable value.
   • Streams exposed the site, making new research possible.

   答案：It provides supporting evidence for relatively early settlement.

   原文定位：Nevertheless, evidence for human occupation of the centre of South America is now securely dated to around 12,500 years ago at the Monte Verde site, which casts doubt on the 'late model

   同义替换：「supporting evidence」↔「securely dated」

6. 32 The conditions encountered by the first migrants to Patagonia were unique.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：allowed the initial human intrusion into a pristine environment, which was similar to that of early post-glacial Europe

7. 33 In the high country the first migrants hunted wild animals for food.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Human settlement of the vast horizontal expanse of treeless high country must have been tenuous at best, and the evidence for this occupation remains relatively scant

   同义替换：「first migrants」↔「human settlement」

8. 34 Archaeologist have failed to draw conclusions from the evidence found at rock shelters in Argentina and Chile.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NO

   原文定位：There is, however, reliable evidence from these sites to confirm the presence of humans by around 11,000 years ago in different habitats, and some hints of an even older occupation

   同义替换：「failed to draw conclusions」↔「confirm the presence of humans」，「shelters」↔「sites」

9. 35 Archaeological evidence can be moved from place to place in a variety of ways.
   • YES
   • NO
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：YES

   原文定位：This is because anthropologists have come to recognise that bones or other evidence may be deposited in caves by natural agency, in other words by other forces such as floods or predators, and not necessarily by human

   同义替换：「can be moved from place to place」↔「be deposited in caves」，「in a variety of ways」↔「by other forces such as floods or predators」

10. The archaeological evidence from Patagonia

    Building remains and other evidence have been found in 36_____ at the Chinchihuapi Creek site, and because of this it has been possible to date them to around 12,500 years ago.
    • fixed date
    • random collection
    • similar properties
    • good condition
    • scientific evaluation
    • huge quantities

    答案：good condition

    原文定位：They were buried in layers of peat, which has the property of preserving wood remarkably well

    同义替换：「Building remains and other evidence」↔「hut foundations and wooden artefacts」，「good condition」↔「preserving remarkably well」

11. However, the 37_____ of the samples taken from Los Toldos means that this site is of doubtful value. El Ceibo is a more promising dig, where the examination of artefacts would be beneficial in order to confirm the usefulness of discoveries there.
    • fixed date
    • random collection
    • similar properties
    • good condition
    • scientific evaluation
    • huge quantities

    答案：random collection

    原文定位：However, the evidence from this site has recently been called into question, because dispersed flecks of carbon used in the test process were taken unsystematically from many different places in the site

    同义替换：「random collection」↔「taken unsystematically」，「samples」↔「dispersed flecks of carbon」，「doubtful value」↔「called into question」

12. The remains found at the Arroyo Feo site show 38_____ and date from around 9,000 years ago.
    • fixed date
    • random collection
    • similar properties
    • good condition
    • scientific evaluation
    • huge quantities

    答案：similar properties

    原文定位：The artefacts from the earliest occupations were found at the same depth and have the same origins as those from Los Toldos

    同义替换：「show similar properties 」↔「have the same origins」，「remains」↔「artefacts」

13. Unfortunately no 39_____ can be made between the samples taken from Las Buitreras and human presence.
    • fixed date
    • random collection
    • similar properties
    • good condition
    • scientific evaluation
    • huge quantities

    答案：reliable connection

    原文定位：despite detailed testing there is no way of securely relating any of these remains with human occupation

    同义替换：「no reliable connection」↔「no way of securely relating」，「samples」↔「remains」，「presence」↔「occupation」

14. The findings of the work carried out at Cueva Fell cannot provide useful information beyond the 40_____ . In conclusion, though the evidence is mixed, it is believed that human population of Patagonia began about 11,000 years.
    • fixed date
    • random collection
    • similar properties
    • good condition
    • scientific evaluation
    • huge quantities

    答案：immediate surroundings

    原文定位：However, it is now recognised that the utility of this site must be restricted to its direct vicinity, given changes to the nearby area caused by flooding, and findings cannot be freely extrapolated further afield

    同义替换：「immediate surroundings」↔「direct vicinity」