雅思阅读真题（Part 3）
Part 3 · 考频：高频 · 最近考试：2025.8.19武汉新世界中心BC雅思
A
Despite its obvious connection, mass production was not a corollary to the modern Industrial Revolution. Various mass production techniques had been practiced in ancient times, from ceramic production in the Orient to manufacturing in ancient Greece. The British were most likely the first modern economy to adapt water-powered, then steam-powered, machinery to industrial production methods, most notably in the textiles industry. Yet it is generally agreed that modern mass production techniques came into widespread use through the innovation of an assortment of Americans who substantially improved the ancient techniques. Indeed, this modern mass production was called the American System and its early successes are often attributed to Eli Whitney, who adapted mass production techniques and the interchangeability of parts to the manufacture of muskets for the U.S. government in the late 1790s.
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答案：prominent researchers’ work dedicated to mass production of firearm making
原文定位：In Britain, and somewhat simultaneously with Whitney, the Frenchman Marc Isambard Brunei adapted steam-driven machinery and assembly;line techniques to the production of 130,000 pulleys for the marine industry in just one year
同义替换：「dedicated」↔「adapted」，「mass production」↔「machinery and assembly;line techniques」
答案：the appearance of precision machine tools
原文定位：Maudslay's contribution to modern mass production was the invention of precision machine tools capable of producing the identical parts necessary for mass production techniques
同义替换：「appearance」↔「invention」
答案：the use of mass production to manufacture guns
原文定位：Samuel Colt and Elisha King Root were also very successful innovators in the development of industrial processes that could mass produce interchangeable parts for the assembly;line production of firearms
同义替换：「manufacture guns」↔「production of firearms」
答案：different techniques applied to mass production
原文定位：Eli Terry also adapted mass production methods to clockmaking;George Eastman made innovations to assembly-line techniques;Henry Ford and his innovative Model T production methods;production of guns also entered into the assembly line
同义替换：「techniques」↔「methods」，「applied」↔「adapted」
答案：controversy on the permission of guns production
原文定位：Apart from this, people showed different views over whether guns should be involved in mass production. The expense opposition to ammunition was the first one to trigger the debate
同义替换：「controversy」↔「debate」，「permission of guns production」↔「whether guns should be involved in mass production」
答案：the significant role of interchangeable parts
原文定位：Mass production and parts interchangeability demanded that all parts be identical and the individual worker no longer be allowed the luxury of building a complete product based on his personal skills and inclinations. Machines came to dictate the production process, and each part—once created individually by hand—was now duplicated by a machine process that was merely guided by human control. The craft tradition, dominant in human endeavor for centuries, was abandoned in favor of a process that created parts by machine
同义替换：「significant role」↔「abandoned craft tradition」
答案：Fire the gun
原文定位：Flintlock, as it was implied meant people used it to trigger the gun
同义替换：「function」↔「meant people used it to」，「trigger」↔「fire」
答案：To demonstrate that mass production needed detailed techniques.
原文定位：Henry Ford had his workers standing in one place while parts were brought by on conveyor belts, and the car itself moved past the workers on another conveyor belt. Bodies were built on one line and the chassis and drive train were built on another
答案：Created useful tools for manufacture of guns with economic feasibility.
原文定位：Maudslay's contribution to modern mass production was the invention of precision machine tools capable of producing the identical parts necessary for mass production techniques which made producing guns cheaper
同义替换：「created useful tools」↔「invention of precision machine tools」，「manufacture」↔「producing」，「economic feasibility」↔「cheaper」
答案：opposition
原文定位：The expense opposition to ammunition was the first one to trigger the debate
同义替换：「heated」↔「trigger」
答案：equipment|||workforce
原文定位：Other equipment involved in war or preparation for war was also against;Let alone all these required a lot of workforce to accomplish
同义替换：「needed」↔「involved」，「demanded a big」↔「required a lot of」，「support」↔「accomplish」
答案：The origin of mass production