雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
Part 2 · 考频：中频 · 最近考试：2026.7.18
A
Do facial expressions reflect inner feelings? Or are they social devices for influencing others? The use of facial expressions for measuring people's emoticons has dominated psychology since the late 1960s. This was when Paul Ekman of the University of California pioneered the idea that, by carefully measuring facial expression, he could evaluate people's true emotions. Ekman carried out experiments in which people were asked to label photos of basic facial expressions - such as a smile, frown or scowl - with words for emotions. He found, for example, that a smile represented joy and a scowl represented anger. In fact, since the 1970s Ekman has dominated the field of emotion research with his theory that when an emotion occurs, a large number of electrical impulses also occur, creating specific facial expressions and other physiological changes, such as increased or decreased heart rate or heightened blood pressure.
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答案：E
原文定位：Others, including Ekman, argue that the face can display information about emotions, but they admit that it is not reliable one hundred percent of the time. And those who only examine faces when trying to study emotion will jump to false conclusions
同义替换：「not always provide a true guide」↔「not reliable one hundred percent of」
答案：B
原文定位：So a smile may prompt people to approach, a scowl may warn them to stay away, and a look of sadness may elicit words of sympathy and reassurance
同义替换：「affect someone else`s actions」↔「prompt people to approach」
答案：F
原文定位：In addition, cultural rules - which determine when and whether people of certain cultures display emotional expressions - can prevent this otherwise automatic process from being completed. Facial expressions evolved in humans as signals to others about how they feel, says Ekman. At times, though, it may be uncomfortable or inconvenient for us to let others know our emotions
同义替换：「hiding」↔「not let others know」
答案：C
原文定位：His studies find that expressions occur most often during pivotal points, the turning points in social interactions during greetings, social crises, or times of appeasement, for example
同义替换：「times when facial expressions are used especially frequently」↔「expressions occur most often during pivotal points」
答案：A
原文定位：In fact, since the 1970s Ekman has dominated the field of emotion research with his theory that when an emotion occurs, a large number of electrical impulses also occur, creating specific facial expressions and other physiological changes, such as increased or decreased heart rate or heightened blood pressure
同义替换：「changes inside the body」↔「physiological changes」
答案：Joseph Campos
原文定位：He goes on to say, 'The face is a component [of emotion], but to make it the center of study of the human being experiencing an emotion is like saying the only thing you need to study in a car is the transmission. Not that the transmission is unimportant, but it's only part of an entire system
同义替换：「Focusing on the face in researching emotions」↔「make it the center of study of the human being experiencing an emotion」
答案：Alan Fridlund
原文定位：Expressions evolved to set off certain behaviors in other people, says Fridlund
同义替换：「in order to encourage other people to react in particular ways」↔「to set off certain behaviors in other people」
答案：Joseph Campos
原文定位：Although Fridlund disagrees with Ekman on certain matters, the two basically share the opinion that facial expressions indicate people's future actions. The area of dispute between Fridlund and Ekman draws attention away from their major areas of agreement, says Joseph Campos
同义替换：「share some important ideas」↔「major areas of agreement」
答案：Linda Camras
原文定位：She believes there are many situations where emotion is experienced, yet no basic facial expression is displayed. And there are times when a facial expression appears with no corresponding emotion
答案：James Russell
原文定位：Although much work on the emotions relies on a link between facial expression and emotions, psychologist James Russell, of the University of British Columbia, says there is very little evidence supporting such a connection
同义替换：「connection」↔「link」，「very little evidence supporting」↔「cannot be proved」
答案：smile
原文定位：So a smile may prompt people to approach, a scowl may warn them to stay away, and a look of sadness may elicit words of sympathy and reassurance
同义替换：「intended as an invitation to come nearer」↔「prompt people to approach」
答案：dialog
原文定位：Even when people are alone they are holding a dialog with another person internally, or imagining themselves in a social situation
同义替换：「by ourselves」↔「alone」，「someone in our minds」↔「another person internally」
答案：tools
原文定位：Thus Fridlund thinks of facial expressions as tools for influencing social interactions
同义替换：「considers」↔「thinks of」，「affect」↔「influencing」，「contact with other people」↔「social interactions」