The influence of more choices

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题目与答案

1. rated to the Maximization Scale of making choice
   • “maximizers”
   • “satisficers”
   • neither “maximizers” nor “satisficers”
   • both “maximizers” and “satisficers”

   答案：both “maximizers” and “satisficers”

   原文定位：In particular, we composed a set of statements - the Maximization Scale - to diagnose people`s propensity to maximize. Then we had several thousand people rate themselves from 1 to 7 (from “completely disagree” to “completely agree”) on such statements as “I never settle for second best.” We also evaluated their sense of satisfaction with their  decisions. We did not define a sharp cutoff to separate maximizers from satisficers, but in general, we think of individuals whose average scores are higher than 4 (the scale’s midpoint) as maxi- misers and those whose scores are lower than the midpoint as satisficers

2. 10 According to the text, what is the result of more choices?
   • People can make choices more easily
   • Maximizers are happier to make choices
   • Satisficers are quicker to make wise choices
   • People have more tendency to experience regret

   答案：People have more tendency to experience regret

   原文定位：Unfortunately, the more options you have and the more opportunity costs you incur, the more likely you are to experience regret

   同义替换：「choices」↔「options」，「have more tendency to」↔「more likely you are to」

3. 11 The example of theatre ticket is to suggest that
   • they prefer to use more money when buying tickets
   • they don’t like to spend more money on theatre
   • higher-priced things would induce more regret if not used properly
   • full-price payers are real theatre lovers

   答案：higher-priced things would induce more regret if not used properly

   原文定位：The reason for this, the investigators argued, was that the full-price payers would experience more regret if they did not use the tickets because not using the more costly tickets would constitute a bigger loss

   同义替换：「higher-priced things」↔「more costly tickets」，「induce more regret if not used properly」↔「experience more regret if they did not use the tickets」

4. 12 How to increase the happiness when making a better choice?
   • use less time
   • make more comparisons
   • buy more expensive products
   • limit the number of choices in certain situations

   答案：limit the number of choices in certain situations

   原文定位：To increase sense of happiness, we can decide to restrict our options when the decision is not crucial. For example, make a rule to visit no more than two stores when shopping for clothing

   同义替换：「limit the number of choices」↔「restrict our options」，「in certain situations」↔「when the decision is not crucial」

5. 13 What is the best title for Reading Passage?
   • Reasoning of worse choice making
   • Making choices in today’s world
   • The influence of more choices
   • Complexity in choice making

   答案：The influence of more choices

   原文定位：Yet recent research strongly suggests that, psychologically, this assumption is wrong;Although some choices are undoubtedly better than none, more is not always better than less

6. don’t take much time before making a decision
   • “maximizers”
   • “satisficers”
   • neither “maximizers” nor “satisficers”
   • both “maximizers” and “satisficers”

   答案：“satisficers”

   原文定位：When satisficers find an item that meets their standards, they stop looking. But maximizers exert enormous effort reading labels, checking out consumer magazines and trying new products. They also spend more time comparing their purchasing decisions with those of others

   同义替换：「making a decision」↔「decide what to buy」

7. are likely to regret about the choice in the future
   • “maximizers”
   • “satisficers”
   • neither “maximizers” nor “satisficers”
   • both “maximizers” and “satisficers”

   答案：“maximizers”

   原文定位：We also found that people with high regret sensitivity tend to be maximizers. Indeed, we think that worry over future regret is a major reason that individuals become maximizers

   同义替换：「are likely to regret」↔「high regret sensitivity」

8. choose the highest price in the range of purchase
   • “maximizers”
   • “satisficers”
   • neither “maximizers” nor “satisficers”
   • both “maximizers” and “satisficers”

   答案：neither “maximizers” nor “satisficers”

9. In today’s world, since the society is becoming wealthier, people are happier.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：To an extent, the opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is only logical to think that if some choices are good, more is better;people who care about having infinite options will benefit from them, and those who do not can always just ignore the 273 versions of cereal they have never tried. Yet recent research strongly suggests that, psychologically, this assumption is wrong, with 5% lower percentage announcing they are happy

10. In society, there are more maximisers than satisficers.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

    原文定位：We did not define a sharp cutoff to separate maximizers from satisficers, but in general, we think of individuals whose average scores are higher than 4 (the scale’s midpoint) as maximisers and those whose scores are lower than the midpoint as satisficers

11. People tend to react more to loses than gains.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：TRUE

    原文定位：Early Decision Making Research by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky showed that people respond much more strongly to losses than gains

    同义替换：「tend to react more to」↔「respond much more strongly to」

12. Females and males acted differently in the study of choice making.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

13. 9 The Maximization Scale is aimed to
    • know the happiness when they have more choices
    • measure how people are likely to feel after making choices
    • help people make better choices
    • reduce the time of purchasing

    答案：measure how people are likely to feel after making choices

    原文定位：In particular, we composed a set of statements - the Maximization Scale - to diagnose people`s propensity to maximize. Then we had several thousand people rate themselves from 1 to 7 (from “completely disagree” to “completely agree”) on such statements as “I never settle for second best.” We also evaluated their sense of satisfaction with their  decisions

    同义替换：「measure how people are likely to feel after making choices」↔「evaluate satisfaction with decisions」