Rubber

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题目与答案

1. 1 Rubber plants grow only in certain regions of the world.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：The plants that produce rubber are spread right across the globe, and grow in many different habitats

   同义替换：「only in certain regions」↔「spread right across the globe, and grow in many different habitats」，「Rubber plants」↔「The plants that produce rubber」

2. However, in 1839, a new process to 10_____ the sybstance greatly increased its potential.

   答案：stabilise

   原文定位：Then in 1839 the American Charles Goodyear discovered that it was possible to stabilise rubber by mixing it with sulphur while exposing it to heat

   同义替换：「new process」↔「a process he called vulcanisation」，「substance」↔「rubber」

3. For example, rubber was used in the creation of the 11_____ industry during the industrial revolution.

   答案：steam engines

   原文定位：It played an important role in the Industrial Revolution, being employed in the steam engines found in factories, mills, mines and railways

   同义替换：「used in the creation of」↔「being employed in」，「Industrial Revolution」↔「Industrial Revolution」

4. Then in 1888, the 12_____ was developed,

   答案：pneumatic tyre

   原文定位：One of the most important rubber inventions was made in 1888, when an Irishman called John Boyd Dunlop produced the first pneumatic tyre

   同义替换：「developed」↔「produced」

5. and a few years later, the 13_____ of the motor car began.

   答案：mass production

   原文定位：In 1895 Dunlop's tyres were first used in motor cars, and with the mass production of cars just over the horizon the rubber industry had never looked healthier

   同义替换：「motor car」↔「motor cars」，「began」↔「just over the horizon」

6. 2 Rubber was extracted in Mexico as early as the sixth century.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：a wall painting dating back to the sixth century depicts a scene of a tributary offering of crude rubber

   同义替换：「as early as」↔「dating back to」，「extracted」↔「crude」，「Mexico」↔「Mexico」

7. 3 Rubber from the Castilla elastica plant is of poorer quality than that from the Para plant.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：all of which must have been made from the indigenous Castilla elastica, as the Para plant now favoured for rubber cultivation does not grow in the Mexican region

   同义替换：「Castilla elastica」↔「Castilla elastica」，「Para plant」↔「Para plant」，「poorer quality」↔「」

8. 4 A French mathematician inspired real interest in rubber amongst Europeans.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：However, no real interest in rubber was shown by any European until Charles de la Condamine, a French mathematician, published an ‘account of his journey to South America in 1735

   同义替换：「inspired real interest」↔「no real interest」，「amongst」↔「by any」，「French mathematician」↔「French mathematician」

9. 5 The process of vulcanisation was discovered by accident.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Then in 1839 the American Charles Goodyear discovered that it was possible to stabilise rubber by mixing it with sulphur while exposing it to heat - a process he called vulcanisation - and the full versatility of this extraordinary substance became apparent

   同义替换：「vulcanisation」↔「vulcanisation」，「Charles Goodyear」↔「Charles Goodyear」，「discovered by accident」↔「」

10. 6 Imports of crude rubber into Britain fell during the nineteenth century.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：In 1830 Britain had imported just 211 kg of crude rubber. This had risen to 10,000kg in 1857, and by 1874 levels were just under six times as much again

    同义替换：「fell」↔「risen」，「Imports of crude rubber」↔「import levels of rubber」，「Britain」↔「Britain」

11. The Commercial Development of Rubber

    Early European travellers gave accounts of various rubber objects in use in Central and South America, and these accounts created interest in the commercial exploitation of rubber.

    In 1818, 7_____ was produced using rubber,

    答案：waterproof cloth

    原文定位：In 1818 a British medical student named James Syme first used rubber to make waterproof cloth

    同义替换：「produced」↔「make」

12. and in 1820 a machine was invented for recycling 8_____ of rubber.

    答案：waste strips

    原文定位：In 1820 Thomas Hancock, an English manufacturer of rubber goods such as driving belts, industrial rollers and rubber hoses, invented a machine he called the 'piokle', which chewed up waste strips for re-use

    同义替换：「recycling」↔「for re-use」，「a machine was invented」↔「invented a machine」

13. Over the next few years, other attempts were made to improve rubber, but some problems remained. For example, rubber products smelt bad when they were dissolved, and could turn either soft or 9_____ depending on the temperature.

    答案：rigid

    原文定位：They also became pliant when warm and rigid when cold

    同义替换：「soft」↔「pliant」，「dissolved」↔「dissolved malodorously」