Multi-tasking and the Brain

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题目与答案

1. 14 Section A
   • professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
   • the effects of multi-tasking on neurological structure
   • a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
   • real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
   • multi-tasking and gender
   • the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   答案：real multi-tasking is nearly impossible

   原文定位：Unless you are one of the three percent;your brain isn't capable of paying close attention to more than one complex task at a time;effective multi-tasking is beyond most of us;multi-tasking as ‘a mythical activity

   同义替换：「real」↔「effective」，「nearly impossible」↔「isn’t capable」

2. 15 Section B
   • professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
   • the effects of multi-tasking on neurological structure
   • a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
   • real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
   • multi-tasking and gender
   • the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   答案：a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task

   原文定位：It is true that you can check your email while eating;But innate activities like walking;do not require you to pay attention, whereas activities such as reading;do require attention;The brain can perform simultaneous tasks but attention has capacity limitations

   同义替换：「distinction」↔「whereas」

3. 16 Section C
   • professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
   • the effects of multi-tasking on neurological structure
   • a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
   • real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
   • multi-tasking and gender
   • the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   答案：the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   原文定位：The prefrontal cortex is the brain region responsible for choosing what to pay attention to;When people attempt to perform two things at once, the sides work independently;We might be in great trouble when we try to juggle more than two tasks, simply because we have only two frontal lobes

   同义替换：「neurological reasons」↔「prefrontal cortex」，「struggling to manage more things」↔「in great trouble」

4. 17 Section D
   • professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
   • the effects of multi-tasking on neurological structure
   • a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
   • real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
   • multi-tasking and gender
   • the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   答案：multi-tasking and gender

   原文定位：To the question of whether there is a difference between the sexes;women are superior multi-taskers;Women have a much better strategy;whereas men tend to

   同义替换：「gender」↔「sexes」

5. 18 Section E
   • professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
   • the effects of multi-tasking on neurological structure
   • a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
   • real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
   • multi-tasking and gender
   • the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   答案：professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found

   原文定位：David Strayer's research uncovered that some rare people possess extraordinary multi-tasking ability. These so-called super-taskers;Strayer thinks that pilots of high-performance aircraft, high-end chefs;and elite doctors;might all be more likely to be super-taskers;we suspect that super-taskers will rise to a top position in any occupation

   同义替换：「Professions」↔「occupation」，「likely to be found」↔「more likely to be」

6. 19 Section F
   • professions in which super-taskers are likely to be found
   • the effects of multi-tasking on neurological structure
   • a distinction between situations when people can and can't multi-task
   • real multi-tasking is nearly impossible
   • multi-tasking and gender
   • the neurological reasons for struggling to manage more things

   答案：the ability to multi-task is determined by people's genes

   原文定位：The ability to multi-task probably comes down to the DNA you inherit from your parents to a large extent;You are either born with the neural structure that allows you to overcome the usual multi-tasking challenges

   同义替换：「determined」↔「born with」，「genes」↔「inherit from parents」

7. The brain of a good multi-tasker works differently from other people's.
   • Edward M Hallowell
   • Paul E Dux
   • David Strayer
   • Etienne Koechlin
   • Keith Laws

   答案：David Strayer

   原文定位：These so;called 'super-taskers' exhibit different patterns of brain activity when multi;tasking compared to ordinary people;

   同义替换：「works」↔「brain activity」

8. The rate of error is considerably higher when people multi-task.
   • Edward M Hallowell
   • Paul E Dux
   • David Strayer
   • Etienne Koechlin
   • Keith Laws

   答案：David Strayer

   原文定位：Strayer's research shows that performance deteriorates drastically when attention is split between tasks. more mistakes are made and it takes longer to complete each activity

   同义替换：「rate of error is considerably higher」↔「more mistakes are made」，「when people multi-task」↔「attention is split between tasks」

9. People are mistaken in their assumption that they can multi-task.
   • Edward M Hallowell
   • Paul E Dux
   • David Strayer
   • Etienne Koechlin
   • Keith Laws

   答案：Edward M Hallowell

   原文定位：Psychiatrist Edward M Hallowell even describes multi-tasking as 'a mythical activity in which people believe they can perform two or more tasks simultaneously as effectively as they can perform one

   同义替换：「people are mistaken」↔「mythical activity」，「assumption」↔「believe」

10. One gender does not seem to pause to consider before taking action.
    • Edward M Hallowell
    • Paul E Dux
    • David Strayer
    • Etienne Koechlin
    • Keith Laws

    答案：Keith Laws

    原文定位：Women have a much better strategy for finding the keys, whereas men tend to jump to it and be far less organised and thorough. "It's as if they don't stop to reflect and plan for a moment,' says Professor Keith Laws from the University of Hertfordshire in England

    同义替换：「one gender」↔「men」，「does not seem to pause」↔「don't stop」，「consider before taking action」↔「reflect and plan」

11. Super-taskers

    Super-taskers are those of us who possess special multi-tasking ability. They can be found in all professions. People who are pilots, chefs and doctors are often super-taskers, and super-taskers are most likely to achieve a 24_____ that is high on the career ladder.

    答案：position

    原文定位：we suspect that super-taskers will rise to a top position in any occupation that places a high demand on juggling various tasks

    同义替换：「achieve」↔「rise to」，「high on the career ladder」↔「top position」

12. Super-taskers typically have to undertake many tasks simultaneously that need their 25_____ .

    答案：attention

    原文定位：any occupation that places a high demand on juggling various tasks that demand M. attention at the same time

    同义替换：「need」↔「demand」，「many tasks simultaneously」↔「juggling various tasks」

13. Genes play an important role in having this capability;these people have a special brain 26_____ which helps them do what we cannot.

    答案：structure

    原文定位：You are either born with the neural structure that allows you to overcome the usual multi-tasking challenges, or you aren't. Super-taskers' brains are doing something we can't do

    同义替换：「special brain」↔「neural」，「helps them do what we cannot」↔「allows you to overcome」