# James Hargreaves and Spinning Jenny - 科目：雅思阅读真题（Part 1） - 最近考试：2026.7.15宁波大学 - 题目数：13 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/8e753086-bd63-427d-a124-1ade74dd46d1（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-11-11 ## 题目原文 A The Industrial Revolution (1760–1850) began in England and spread throughout Europe and the Americas over the course of the next several decades. The Industrial Revolution did not reach America until the 1820s and began with the textile industries in the Northeast. Expanding technology and the invention of new machines forever changed the way manufacturing and industry took place. The textile industry was greatly impacted by a number of new inventions such as the flying shuttle, the spinning frame and the cotton gin. But it was the invention of the Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves that is credited with moving the textile industry from homes to factories. The move from a domestic, cottage-based industry to factories allowed the expansion of the Industrial Revolution from England throughout much of the world. B James Hargreaves was a weaver in the village of Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancashire. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, farming was the main occupation in the area, while the production of cloth from raw goods was carried out as a secondary activity within cottage industries. All work was done by individuals within the home, and entire families were involved. Men were often the weavers, while their wives and daughters spun the raw materials into threads or yarns. Young children assisted in cleaning and preparing the fibres. The process was time-consuming, and merchants wanting to meet the demand for textile goods were often frustrated by the huge gap between supply and demand. C The expense involved in transporting raw materials to numerous locations, waiting for finished textiles to be made by hand, and then the finished goods to be picked up and transported back to the merchant was also an incentive to search for alternatives. While the invention of the flying shuttle and later the power loom made it possible to weave materials faster, the spinning of raw materials into threads and yarns was still done by hand, one thread at a time. Spinners were unable to keep up with the increased demand for threads. D James Hargreaves may have designed the spinning jenny as an improvement over an earlier machine invented by Thomas High in 1763 or 1764. While never patented, High's machine used six spinning wheels that were bolted together and powered by a single large wheel. James Hargreaves' spinning jenny was said to have been designed after he saw his wife's spinning wheel knocked over and saw the spindle continue to spin. The spinning jenny used eight different spindles that were powered by a single wheel. This allowed one spinner to produce eight threads in the same amount of time that it previously took to produce one. E The idea was developed by Hargreaves as a metal frame with eight wooden spindles at one end. A set of eight rovings was attached to a beam on that frame. The rovings when extended passed through two horizontal bars of wood that could be clasped together. These bars could be drawn along the top of the frame by the spinner's left hand, thus extending the thread. The spinner used his right hand to rapidly turn a wheel, which caused all the spindles to revolve, and the thread to be spun. When the bars were returned, the thread wound onto the spindle. A pressing wire, known as a faller, was used to guide the threads onto the right place on the spindle. The rollers were linked to the hand wheel by a cord, which transferred the motion throughout the machine. ## 题目与答案 ### 1. 1 What was the primary way people in Lancashire earned a living when Hargreaves was young? _____ 1 What was the primary way people in Lancashire earned a living when Hargreaves was young? _____ **答案**：farming 原文定位：James Hargreaves was a weaver in the village of Stanhill, near Blackburn, Lancashire. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, farming was the main occupation in the area, while the production of cloth from raw goods was carried out as a secondary activity within cottage industries 同义替换：「Lancashire」↔「Lancashire」；「primary way people earned a living」↔「main occupation」；「when Hargreaves was young」↔「Prior to the Industrial Revolution」 ### 10. 10 The spinner used his right hand to rapidly turn a _____ . 10 The spinner used his right hand to rapidly turn a _____ . **答案**：wheel 原文定位：The spinner used his right hand to rapidly turn a wheel, which caused all the spindles to revolve, and the thread to be spun 同义替换：「spinner」↔「spinner」；「used his right hand to rapidly turn」↔「used his right hand to rapidly turn」 ### 11. 11 This caused all the _____ to revolve, and the thread to be spun. 11 This caused all the _____ to revolve, and the thread to be spun. **答案**：spindles 原文定位：The spinner used his right hand to rapidly turn a wheel, which caused all the spindles to revolve, and the thread to be spun 同义替换：「caused all the」↔「caused all the」；「to revolve」↔「to revolve」；「the thread to be spun」↔「the thread to be spun」 ### 12. 12 When the _____ were returned, the thread wound onto the spindle. 12 When the _____ were returned, the thread wound onto the spindle. **答案**：bars 原文定位：When the bars were returned, the thread wound onto the spindle 同义替换：「were returned」↔「were returned」；「the thread wound onto the spindle」↔「the thread wound onto the spindle」 ### 13. 13 A _____ (faller) was used to guide the threads onto the right place on the spindle. 13 A _____ (faller) was used to guide the threads onto the right place on the spindle. **答案**：pressing wire 原文定位：A pressing wire, known as a faller, was used to guide the threads onto the right place on the spindle 同义替换：「faller」↔「faller」；「was used to guide the threads」↔「was used to guide the threads」；「onto the right place on the spindle」↔「onto the right place on the spindle」 ### 2. 2 A The spinning of raw materials in early cottage industries was mainly done by? _____ 2 A The spinning of raw materials in early cottage industries was mainly done by? _____ **答案**：wives and daughters 原文定位：Men were often the weavers, while their wives and daughters spun the raw materials into threads or yarns 同义替换：「spinning of raw materials」↔「spun the raw materials into threads or yarns」；「was mainly done by」↔「」 ### 3. 3 The inventor based their spinning machine on whose earlier technology? _____ 3 The inventor based their spinning machine on whose earlier technology? _____ **答案**：Thomas High 原文定位：James Hargreaves may have designed the spinning jenny as an improvement over an earlier machine invented by Thomas High in 1763 or 1764 同义替换：「based their spinning machine on」↔「as an improvement over an earlier machine」；「whose earlier technology」↔「invented by Thomas High」 ### 4. 4 What material were the early horizontal bars of the machine made of? _____ 4 What material were the early horizontal bars of the machine made of? _____ **答案**：wood 原文定位：A set of eight rovings was attached to a beam on that frame. The rovings when extended passed through two horizontal bars of wood that could be clasped together 同义替换：「horizontal bars」↔「two horizontal bars of wood」 ### 5. 5 Which invention made it possible to weave materials faster? _____ 5 Which invention made it possible to weave materials faster? _____ **答案**：power loom 原文定位：While the invention of the flying shuttle and later the power loom made it possible to weave materials faster, the spinning of raw materials into threads and yarns was still done by hand, one thread at a time 同义替换：「made it possible to weave materials faster」↔「made it possible to weave materials faster」 ### 6. 6 The spinning jenny allowed multiple threads to be spun simultaneously. 6 The spinning jenny allowed multiple threads to be spun simultaneously. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：TRUE 原文定位：The spinning jenny used eight different spindles that were powered by a single wheel. This allowed one spinner to produce eight threads in the same amount of time that it previously took to produce one 同义替换：「multiple threads」↔「produce eight threads」；「simultaneously」↔「in the same amount of time」 ### 7. 7 The merchants reduced transportation costs immediately after the spinning jenny appeared. 7 The merchants reduced transportation costs immediately after the spinning jenny appeared. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：NOT GIVEN 原文定位：The process was time-consuming, and merchants wanting to meet the demand for textile goods were often frustrated by the huge gap between supply and demand;The expense involved in transporting raw materials to numerous locations, waiting for finished textiles to be made by hand, and then the finished goods to be picked up and transported back to the merchant was also an incentive to search for alternatives 同义替换：「merchants」↔「merchants」；「costs」↔「expense」；「reduced」↔「」；「immediately after the spinning jenny appeared」↔「」 ### 8. 8 Later versions of the spinning jenny became too large to be operated inside homes. 8 Later versions of the spinning jenny became too large to be operated inside homes. - TRUE - FALSE - NOT GIVEN **答案**：NOT GIVEN 原文定位：But it was the invention of the Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves that is credited with moving the textile industry from homes to factories 同义替换：「Later versions of the spinning jenny」↔「」；「became too large to be operated inside homes」↔「」 ### 9. 9 The rollers were linked to the hand wheel by a _____ . 9 The rollers were linked to the hand wheel by a _____ . **答案**：cord 原文定位：The rollers were linked to the hand wheel by a cord, which transferred the motion throughout the machine 同义替换：「The rollers were linked to hand wheel」↔「The rollers were linked to the hand wheel」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。