The whale goes to court

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题目与答案

1. 1 An inspection fee on fish oil was introduced in New York in 1818.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：In 1818 a whale became the subject of a controversial court case in New York City. The case involved an old law requiring those who sold fish oil to pay a fee

2. The Arguments

   ·Sampson's case was based on the consequences for humans if Judd won.

   ·Mitchill admitted that scientists had disputes about classification.

   ·New Yorkers disliked Mitchill because his ideas came from 10_____ .

   答案：Europe

   原文定位：The smooth;talking Sampson then claimed Mitchill's beliefs had their origin in Europe

   同义替换：「ideas」↔「beliefs」，「came from」↔「origin in」，「New Yorkers disliked」↔「infuriate the citizens」

3. Conclusions

   ·In the end it was statements from local 11_____, not Mitchill's testimony which helped Judd win.

   答案：merchants

   原文定位：In New York's markets, the merchants implicitly understood that whale oil and fish oil were not the same;In the end it was this testimony that led to Judd's victory

   同义替换：「statements」↔「testimony」，「win」↔「victory」

4. ·Whale oil made a good 12_____ because it was clean.

   答案：fuel

   原文定位：whale oil could be used as a fuel for lamps because it could be burned without giving off smoke

   同义替换：「made a good」↔「could be used as a」，「clean」↔「without giving off smoke」

5. ·Judd's case is relevant today, e.g. in the debate about Earth's 13_____ .

   答案：climate

   原文定位：Whether the issue today is the effects of human activity on the climate of this planet

   同义替换：「Earth」↔「planet」

6. 2 Samuel Judd argued that the inspection fee should exclude whale oil.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：However, an oil merchant named Samuel Judd refused to pay the inspection fee on three barrels of oil, claiming that no inspection was necessary because it was whale oil, and whales were not fish

   同义替换：「argued」↔「claiming」，「fee should exclude」↔「refused to pay the inspection fee」

7. 3 Judd had been in trouble with city officials before the inspection fee disagreement.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

8. 4 Many New Yorkers were interested in the court case at the time.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Indeed, the public debate in New York sparked off by the trial was sensational

   同义替换：「Many New Yorkers」↔「public」，「were interested in」↔「sensational」，「the court case」↔「trial」

9. 5 Traditionally, non-human creatures had been classified in one of three groups.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：For as long as anyone could remember, all non;human creatures had been organised according to the categories of birds, beasts and fish

   同义替换：「Traditionally」↔「For as long as anyone could remember」，「classified」↔「categories」，「three groups」↔「birds, beasts and fish」

10. 6 Generally speaking,ordinary people thought fish were the the lowest form of life.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：NOT GIVEN

11. 7 Whales were excluded from the Linnaean system in 1818.
    • TRUE
    • FALSE
    • NOT GIVEN

    答案：FALSE

    原文定位：the Linnaean system controversially classified whales as mammals

    同义替换：「excluded from」↔「classified as」

12. The Trial of December 1818

    The Personalities

    ·Samuel Mitchill worked as a congressman and a 8_____ .

    答案：lecturer

    原文定位：Mitchill was a renowned natural history lecturer at the college of Physicians and Surgeons

13. ·The defence wanted Mitchill to present the biology of the case.

    ·William Sampson called 9_____ as witnesses in order to appeal to the common sense of the jury.

    答案：whalers

    原文定位：by asking plain;spoken whalers to make their case before the jury

    同义替换：「called」↔「asking」