The origins of weather forecasting

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题目与答案

1. 1 In Robert FitzRoy's time, weather forecasting was a respected skill.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：because in those days predicting the weather had gained a reputation similar to astrology or fortune;telling. The few people who attempted it had become a national joke when their forecasts inevitably went wrong

   同义替换：「Robert FitzRoy's time」↔「in those days」，「forecasting」↔「predicting」，「respected skill」↔「become a national joke」

2. – FitzRoy’s work even influenced private lives; for example, Queen Victoria often consulted him before travelling to a particular 10_____ she enjoyed visiting.

   答案：place

   原文定位：Queen Victoria often consulted him before visiting a place where she liked to stay

   同义替换：「travelling」↔「visiting」，「enjoyed visiting」↔「liked to stay」

3. – Although these forecasts were popular with fishermen, fishing boat 11_____ were dissatisfied because the warnings sometimes led to delays in their schedules.

   答案：owners

   原文定位：While fishermen welcomed the warnings, boat owners disliked them because they sometimes caused delays to their sailing schedules

   同义替换：「popular」↔「welcomed」，「fishing boat」↔「boat owners」，「dissatisfied」↔「disliked」，「led to」↔「caused」

4. – To commemorate FitzRoy’s contribution, his 12_____ was used to name a specific area of water.

   答案：name

   原文定位：Today, FitzRoy’s name has been given to an area of ocean

   同义替换：「name a specific area of water」↔「given to an area of ocean」

5. – Additionally, a 13_____ he authored was highly regarded by the scientific community.

   答案：book

   原文定位：a book he wrote became a standard work for scientists

   同义替换：「authored」↔「wrote」，「highly regarded by the scientific community」↔「became a standard work for scientists」

6. 2 When FitzRoy retired from the navy, he had already had a successful career at sea.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：His background was faultless, most famously his captaining of the ship HMS Beagle on Charles Darwin's voyage around the world;When FitzRoy retired from active service as an admiral in Britain's navy

   同义替换：「successful career at sea」↔「background was faultless」

7. 3 FitzRoy faced competition from other applicants for the chief statistician's job.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：He subsequently secured a job as chief statistician at the Meteorological Department

8. 4 The British Parliament supported the idea of regular weather forecasts in 1854.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：However, the British Government was not impressed with the idea of collecting weather reports and establishing a weather forecast, and the suggestion by one Member of Parliament for this was met with laughter from the other MPs

   同义替换：「Parliament」↔「Government」，「supported」↔「not impressed」

9. 5 Progress in technology made it a good time for publicly available weather forecasting to begin.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：This was just the right moment for a national forecasting service. Knowledge of the weather was improving. barometer readings gave warning of approaching storms, and the invention of the electric telegraph and Morse code in 1844 gave instant communication for the first time

   同义替换：「made it a good time」↔「just the right moment」

10. The Development and Impact of FitzRoy’s Work

    – Information for the 1861 forecasts was gathered from stations provided with reliable 6_____ .

    答案：barometer

    原文定位：barometer readings gave warning of approaching storms

11. – Forecast data was then transmitted to all 7._____ along the coastline.

    答案：stations

    原文定位：telegraph messages were sent to all stations along the coast

12. – Coastal areas would raise 8_____ to ensure passing ships received the warnings.

    答案：flags

    原文定位：Coastal staff would then raise flags to warn ships of approaching storms

    同义替换：「passing」↔「approaching」

13. – This was considered the most significant technical advance since the introduction of the 9_____ .

    答案：telegraph

    原文定位：This system was regarded as the most important technical advance since the introduction of the telegraph

    同义替换：「considered」↔「regarded as」，「significant」↔「important」