Mercator-the map maker

文章内容（节选）

完整文章请进入机考练习查看。

题目与答案

1. 27 Cartographers before Mercator had tended to produce separate, individual maps.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Where his predecessors had adopted a piecemeal approach to cartography, Mercator sought to wrap the world in systematic overlapping maps

   同义替换：「separate, individual」↔「piecemeal」

2. 28 Mercator was critical of the work of his contemporaries.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

3. 29 During his life, Mercator experienced great changes of fortune.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：His life was one of brilliant breakthroughs and abrupt reversals

   同义替换：「experienced great changes of fortune」↔「brilliant breakthroughs and abrupt reversals」

4. 30 Most of Mercator's published work remains intact today.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Some 40 or so of Mercator's letters have survived, together with examples of virtually all of his printed maps and globes

   同义替换：「published work」↔「printed maps and globes」，「intact」↔「survived」

5. 31 Mercator started work on his projection shortly after embarking on his cosmography.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Before he commenced the great work, Mercator produced in 1569 an enormous world map on a new projection

   同义替换：「commenced」↔「embarked」，「produced」↔「started」

6. 32 Mercator's Projection was immediately seen as a major breakthrough.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Few of Mercator's contemporaries understood what he was up to;it would be several decades before the map's true navigational value would be recognised

7. 33 Mercator produced an accurate areal description of the world.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Mercator knew that his projection was unsuitable as an areal description of the world

8. 34 Mercator consulted the work of various people when producing his maps.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：His sources were wide-ranging and multitudinous, including an imperial physician in Vienna and his competitor, the Viceroy of Holstein

   同义替换：「consulted the work of various people」↔「sources were wide-ranging and multitudinous, including」

9. Mercator's Projection:

   ·His attempt to represent the globe as a 35_____ map.

   答案：two-dimensional

   原文定位：Mercator also devised a new method - 'a projection' - of converting the spherical world into a two-dimensional map

   同义替换：「represent」↔「converting」，「globe」↔「spherical world」

10. Problem:

    ·When sailors used a map based on lines of latitude and longitude and kept to a constant compass bearing, the course of the ship could not be shown as a 36_____ on a map.

    答案：straight line

    原文定位：how could the course of a ship following a constant compass bearing be represented as a straight line on a map which had been constructed on a grid of latitude and longitude

    同义替换：「shown」↔「represented」

11. Solution:

    ·To increase the space separating the lines of latitude the further they are from the equator.

    Result:

    ·When Mercator straightened the 'rhumbs' as intended, this produced 37_____ at the northern and southern extremities,

    答案：areal distortion

    原文定位：Unfortunately, straightening the rhumbs caused areal* distortion;at the map's northern and southern extremities

    同义替换：「produced」↔「caused」

12. with the full width of the map being taken up by the 38_____ .

    答案：polar regions

    原文定位：at the map's northern and southern extremities, the polar regions occupied the full width of the map

    同义替换：「taken up」↔「occupied」

13. Original intention:

    ·Mercator originally designed the map for 39_____ purposes.

    答案：navigation

    原文定位：despite the map's title explaining that it was intended 'for use in navigation

    同义替换：「designed」↔「intended」，「purposes」↔「use」

14. Uses of Mercator's Projection up to the present day:

    Various uses including the mapping of 40_____ by state cartographers Also used to portray planets in our solar system on the web.

    答案：North America

    原文定位：By the 20th century, Mercator's Projection had been adopted by state cartographers to map the land that he had named 'North America

    同义替换：「portray」↔「map」