# Climate and architecture - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 最近考试：2024.12.28/2022.11.5/2020.11.21 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/a301bf1b-78eb-4740-a2fe-98964a5f14ca（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:01,820 Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:00:09,260 Welcome class to your very first lecture in this series on architecture conducted by myself, Dr. Torben Dahl. 00:00:18,140 Today we will be looking into the relationship between climate and architecture, where I will be giving you a critical overview of the main climate influences that shape the design of buildings. 00:00:30,740 Throughout this lecture series, we will be looking at the latest research into climatic design carried out by experts in the field, in addition to case studies and examples drawn from modernist practice, both in cities and rural areas. 00:00:47,680 Now, 00:00:48,960 acid rain is one of the climatic elements with the most devastating effects on our architecture. 00:00:56,060 The chemicals in acid rain can cause paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and erosion of stone statues. 00:01:06,660 Since the nineteen seventies, our government has been making great effort to reduce the release of these chemicals into the atmosphere with positive results. 00:01:16,980 Private organizations have also been raising awareness and funds and recently received a huge donation from the bank. 00:01:25,720 It is interesting to look at the studies that have been carried out into the effects of acid rain at varying altitudes. 00:01:33,840 Research has shown that there are lower levels of acid in the damaging pollutants at higher altitudes, meaning that skyscrapers are much less vulnerable to the negative effects as they are exposed to acid rain with far lower levels of damaging pollutants. 00:01:51,620 Recently, the Alter Project was founded to carry out further research into acid rain. 00:01:58,680 This project is directed towards studying the effects of acid rain on old traditional buildings of stone construction that are vulnerable to damage caused by acid rain. 00:02:10,740 Masonry is particularly vulnerable as it is easily corroded and weakened by the acidic chemicals. It is imperative that we protect these buildings as they are valuable examples of our history and culture. 00:02:30,920 Pollution is one of the main sources of concern in the present day. The construction industry contributes considerably as a source of pollution in its day-to-day processes of creating building materials such as concrete and glass. However, more new sustainable methods are being developed to counter this. A recent case study for this is Sky Tower, whose windows have been made from recycled glass to prevent pollution from the glass making process. 00:03:03,420 Water is the most problematic element to be considered in construction. 00:03:08,580 It is imperative that construction elements such as the insulation are fitted into the building in dry weather to prevent it from getting wet. 00:03:18,640 This makes winter an undesirable season for construction as the heavy rainfall can have adverse effects on the building. 00:03:27,580 Another climate type that has an enormous effect on buildings is humidity. 00:03:33,200 Constructions made of steel and stone are largely unaffected by humidity. However, it can have a serious effect on wooden constructions if the timber has not been correctly treated. 00:03:45,910 Moisture from the air can condense in the grain of the wood, which then swells and shrinks in proportion to the magnitude of change in its moisture content. 00:03:56,829 This variation in size can have disastrous consequences. 00:04:02,580 In areas of the world that are prone to earthquakes, certain design and environmental conditions are preferable for protecting buildings in the event of a tremor. Engineers have come up with numerous building procedures to help minimize shaking in buildings. For example, tall buildings have height restrictions and counterweights, and multi-story buildings have reinforced floors and walls. 00:04:29,840 Ground conditions are a cause for worry in many constructions, as often the soil is at the wrong density to protect the foundations. 00:04:39,420 Luckily, technology has now been developed that can help to minimize damage by earthquakes. Seismic sensors can give prior warning when an earthquake is about to happen, so that preparations can be made to protect both the people and the buildings from harm. 00:04:57,210 The movement of building structures can now also be measured and monitored over time by architects. 00:05:04,580 It has been expressed by architects within the design community that it would be valuable to be given special courses for designing buildings within earthquake zones. 00:05:15,780 Guidelines are also expected to be produced by the government in the near future that will give architects a universal checklist to follow. 00:05:25,260 That wraps up the lecture for today. Please remember that attendance is mandatory. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. Cases and examples are from practice conducted in 31_____ as well as rural areas. Cases and examples are from practice conducted in 31_____ as well as rural areas. **答案**：cities 原文定位：Throughout this lecture series, we will be looking at the latest research into climatic design carried out by experts in the field, in addition to case studies and examples drawn from modernist practice, both in cities and rural areas ### 32. Acid rain The chemicals have devastating effects on the architecture. The government try to reduce the negative effects. Funds have been received from a 32_____ . Acid rain The chemicals have devastating effects on the architecture. The government try to reduce the negative effects. Funds have been received from a 32_____ . **答案**：bank 原文定位：Private organizations have also been raising awareness and funds and recently received a huge donation from the bank 同义替换：「Funds」↔「a huge donation」 ### 33. 33_____ experience lower level of acid in damaging pollutants. 33_____ experience lower level of acid in damaging pollutants. **答案**：skyscrapers 原文定位：Research has shown that there are lower levels of acid in the damaging pollutants at higher altitudes, meaning that skyscrapers are much less vulnerable to the negative effects as they are exposed to acid rain with far lower levels of damaging pollutants 同义替换：「experience」↔「are exposed to」 ### 34. In recent years, Alter Project focuses on the buildings made of 34_____ . In recent years, Alter Project focuses on the buildings made of 34_____ . **答案**：stone 原文定位：Recently, the Alter Project was founded to carry out further research into acid rain;This project is directed towards studying the effects of acid rain on old traditional buildings of stone construction that are vulnerable to damage caused by acid rain 同义替换：「focuses on」↔「is directed towards studying」 ### 35. Pollution One of the main sources of pollution is from the construction industry. 35_____ is used to reduce pollution in Sky Tower. Pollution One of the main sources of pollution is from the construction industry. 35_____ is used to reduce pollution in Sky Tower. **答案**：glass 原文定位：A recent case study for this is Sky Tower, whose windows have been made from recycled glass to prevent pollution from the glass making process 同义替换：「is used to reduce」↔「to prevent」 ### 36. Construction is affected by the increased 36_____ in winter. Construction is affected by the increased 36_____ in winter. **答案**：rainfall 原文定位：This makes winter an undesirable season for construction as the heavy rainfall can have adverse effects on the building 同义替换：「is affected by」↔「can have adverse effects on」；「increased」↔「heavy」 ### 37. Humidity affects the 37_____ buildings whose grain can be condensed by moisture from the air. Humidity affects the 37_____ buildings whose grain can be condensed by moisture from the air. **答案**：wood 原文定位：However, it can have a serious effect on wooden constructions if the timber has not been correctly treated;Moisture from the air can condense in the grain of the wood, which then swells and shrinks in proportion to the magnitude of change in its moisture content ### 38. Buildings&Technology Ground conditions can be a problem when the density of the 38_____ is wrong. Buildings&Technology Ground conditions can be a problem when the density of the 38_____ is wrong. **答案**：soil 原文定位：Ground conditions are a cause for worry in many constructions, as often the soil is at the wrong density to protect the foundations 同义替换：「problem」↔「a cause for worry」 ### 39. Architects can now monitor the 39_____ of buildings. Architects can now monitor the 39_____ of buildings. **答案**：movement 原文定位：The movement of building structures can now also be measured and monitored over time by architects ### 40. The government should make 40_____ for the architects. The government should make 40_____ for the architects. **答案**：guidelines 原文定位：Guidelines are also expected to be produced by the government in the near future that will give architects a universal checklist to follow 同义替换：「should make」↔「are also expected to be produced by」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。