Revolutions in mapping

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题目与答案

1. 14 According to the first paragraph, mapmakers in the 21st century
   • A combine techniques to chart unknown territory.
   • B still rely on being able to see what they map.
   • C are now able to visit the darkest jungle.
   • D need input from experts in other fields.

   答案：A combine techniques to chart unknown territory.

   原文定位：can penetrate jungle foliage and has produced the first maps of the mountains of the planet Venus. And a combination of sonar and radar produces charts of the seafloor, putting much of Earth on the map for the first time

2. 15 The Library of Congress offers an opportunity to
   • A borrow from their collection of Dutch maps.
   • B learn how to restore ancient and fragile maps.
   • C enjoy the atmosphere of the reading room.
   • D create individual computer map to order.

   答案：D create individual computer map to order.

3. 16 Ptolemy alerted his contemporaries to the importance of
   • A measuring the circumference of the world.
   • B organizing maps to reflect accurate ratios of distance.
   • C working out the distance between parallels of latitude.
   • D accuracy and precision in mapping.

   答案：B organizing maps to reflect accurate ratios of distance.

   原文定位：Another legacy of Ptolemy's is his advice to cartographers to create maps to scale. Distance on today's maps is expressed as a fraction or ratio of the real distance

4. 17 The invention of the printing press
   • A revitalized interest in scientific knowledge.
   • B enabled maps to be produced more cheaply.
   • C changed the approach to mapmaking.
   • D ensured that the work of Ptolemy was continued.

   答案：C changed the approach to mapmaking.

   原文定位：the invention of the printing press in the 15th century put maps in the hands of more people, and took their production away from monks, who had tended to illustrate theology rather than geography

5. 18 The writer concludes by stating that
   • A mapmaking has become too specialized.
   • B cartographers work in very harsh conditions.
   • C the fundamental aims of mapmaking remain unchanged.
   • D the possibilities of satellite mapping are infinite.

   答案：C the fundamental aims of mapmaking remain unchanged.

   原文定位：Cartography is pressing on to cosmic frontiers, but its objective is, and always has been, to communicate a sense of ‘here’ in relation to ‘there’, however far away ‘there’ may be

6. Questions 19-21

   Look at the following list of achievements (Questions 19-21) and the list of mapmakers below.

   Match each achievement with the correct mapmaker, A, B, C or D.

   Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.

   19 came very close to accurately measuring the distance round the Earth.
   • A Mercator
   • B Ptolemy
   • C Cassini family
   • D Eratosthenes

   答案：D Eratosthenes

   原文定位：He calculated the Earth's circumference as 25,200 miles, which was remarkably accurate. The longitudinal circumference is known to be 24,860 miles

7. 20 produced maps showing man-made landmarks.
   • A Mercator
   • B Ptolemy
   • C Cassini family
   • D Eratosthenes

   答案：C Cassini family

   原文定位：it was the model of a social and geographic map showing roads, rivers, canals, towns, abbeys, vineyards, lakes and even windmills

8. 21 laid the foundation for our modem time zones.
   • A Mercator
   • B Ptolemy
   • C Cassini family
   • D Eratosthenes

   答案：B Ptolemy

   原文定位：spelled out a system for organizing maps according to grids of latitude and longitude. Today, parallels of latitude are often spaced at intervals of 10 to 20 degrees and meridians at 15 degrees, and this is the basis for the width of modern time zones

9. 22 Ancient maps allow US to see how we have come to make sense of the world. They also reflect the attitudes and knowledge of the day. The first great step in mapmaking took place in _____ in the 3rd century BC.

   答案：Egypt

   原文定位：This was first achieved by the Greek astronomer Eratosthenes, a scholar at the famous Alexandrian Library in Egypt in the third century BC

10. 23 Work continued in this tradition until the 2nd century AD but was then abandoned for over a thousand years, during which time maps were the responsibility of _____ scientists.

    答案：monks

    原文定位：the invention of the printing press in the 15th century put maps in the hands of more people, and took their production away from monks, who had tended to illustrate theology rather than geography

11. 24 Fortunately, however, the writings of _____ rather than had been kept, and interest in scientific mapmaking was revived as scholars sought to produce maps, inspired by the accounts of travellers.

    答案：Ptolemy

    原文定位：Inspired by the rediscovered Ptolemy, whose writing had been preserved by Arabs after the sacking of the Alexandrian Library in AD 931

12. 25 These days, _____ are vital to the creation of maps and radar has allowed cartographers to map areas beyond our immediate world.

    答案：satellites

    原文定位：Today's surveyors rarely go into the field without being linked to navigation satellites. Their hand-held receivers are the most familiar of the new mapping technologies, and the satellite system... is increasingly used by surveyors

13. 26 In addition, this high-tech equipment is not only used to map faraway places, but cheaper versions have also been developed for use in _____ .

    答案：cars

    原文定位：Simplified civilian versions of the receivers are available for a few hundred dollars and they are also the heart of electronic map displays available in some cars