# Using natural building materials - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：中频 - 最近考试：2020.9.5/2019.6.13 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/a4625b23-dea0-432a-b7d0-9a9948776b1d（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:00,620 Section four. You will hear a lecturer talking to environmental science students about building methods using natural materials. 00:00:11,160 First, you have some time to look at questions thirty-one to forty on page seven. 00:01:06,760 Now listen carefully and answer questions thirty-one to forty. 00:01:13,160 There is growing interest in building structures using natural materials these days. I'll begin this lecture by looking at how some of these materials work, some advantages and problems associated with each. 00:01:29,020 However, I must start by saying that all these materials and construction techniques require first and foremost a solid foundation, which will most often need to be made of concrete. Thus, the goal of using one hundred percent natural materials may have to be slightly compromised. 00:01:48,900 One type of natural building material is what is known as rammed earth. Rammed earth is a construction method whereby a framework constructed of wood is set in place to act as temporary walls, and then damp earth or soil is placed within this framework. As it is added, the earth is packed down and subjected to intense compression, either by hand or by using specialized machinery. Across parts of Africa today, you can see military fortifications built in this way over one thousand years ago, still standing in remarkably good condition. 00:02:26,980 The most appropriate type of soil for this construction method is one with a high concentration of sand in it, though other kinds of soil are sometimes successfully used. Rammed earth buildings are well suited to dry, arid climates. 00:02:43,220 Another form of natural construction is called the adobe method or sometimes the mud brick method. This utilizes bricks which can be made from a variety of soils but are most suitable when made from a soil rich in clay. The bricks have got to be carefully made to prevent them from cracking. The main advantage of this adobe brick method is that the materials are cheap and also that it's convenient for people in many geographical areas. Thus, adobe buildings have been traditional forms of construction in many societies and today can be found all over the world. 00:03:20,880 The construction method is also popular because making the bricks requires minimal training. 00:03:26,660 However, the adobe method does have its drawbacks. For proper preparation of the bricks, large quantities of water are required, and because these bricks are manufactured by hand, the process demands significant investment of time as well as labor, which can be backbreaking and exhausting. 00:03:50,280 A natural building material which has been popularized in the US is the use of straw bales to create walls. Straw is, of course, dried stalks of plants, especially tall grasses. The straw is shaped into large rectangular blocks called bales, tightly bound together, and these are excellent for use in the building of walls. When building with straw bales, the first thing that needs to be done is to construct a roof supported by poles so that work can continue even if it rains. Then the straw bales are stacked up to form walls. The bales are then coated with a layer of plaster which seals and protects them and keeps the insects out of them. The most common reason for their use in building today is the fact that they provide a very effective means of insulation for the building. 00:04:44,760 Another great building material is bamboo. This highly versatile plant is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world. One of its primary advantages is due to the hollow, round, and segmented shape of its individual stalks which give it its strength. And because of its light weight, it is easy to handle. A significant drawback, however, is that the large varieties of bamboo which are best suited for construction grow only in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. And also because it catches fire easily, bamboo can be problematic and potentially dangerous. 00:05:24,080 Now let's take a look at possible sources of... 00:05:30,180 That is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers.That is the end of the listening test. You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.You have two minutes left. 00:15:17,030 You have one minute left. 00:16:18,670 Please stop writing and wait for your question booklet to be collected. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. Using Natural Building Materials With all methods of building using natural materials, a good 31_____ is needed. Using Natural Building Materials With all methods of building using natural materials, a good 31_____ is needed. **答案**：foundation 原文定位：All these materials and construction techniques require first and foremost a solid foundation 同义替换：「needed」↔「require」 ### 32. Rammed earth ● A framework made from wood filled with soil ● The best soil has large quantities of 32_____ . Rammed earth ● A framework made from wood filled with soil ● The best soil has large quantities of 32_____ . **答案**：sand 原文定位：The most appropriate type of soil for this construction method is one with a high concentration of sand in it 同义替换：「best」↔「most appropriate」；「large quantities」↔「high concentration」 ### 33. Adobe(mud brick) ● The most suitable soil for adobe brick contains lots of 33_____ . Adobe(mud brick) ● The most suitable soil for adobe brick contains lots of 33_____ . **答案**：clay 原文定位：This utilizes bricks which can be made from a variety of soils but are most suitable when made from a soil rich in clay 同义替换：「contains lots of」↔「rich in」 ### 34. ● Advantages - cheap and 34_____ ● Advantages - cheap and 34_____ **答案**：convenient 原文定位：The main advantage of this adobe brick method is that the materials are cheap and also that it's convenient for people in many geographical areas ### 35. - little 35_____ is needed for brick-making - little 35_____ is needed for brick-making **答案**：training 原文定位：The construction method is also popular because making the bricks requires minimal training 同义替换：「needed」↔「requires」；「little」↔「minimal」 ### 36. ● Disadvantage - a lot of water, time and 36_____ are required ● Disadvantage - a lot of water, time and 36_____ are required **答案**：labor 原文定位：The process demands significant investment of time as well as labor 同义替换：「a lot of」↔「significant investment of」；「and」↔「as well as」；「required」↔「demands」 ### 37. Straw bales ● Bales-large rectangular blocks of straw ● A 37_____ needs to be constructed first Straw bales ● Bales-large rectangular blocks of straw ● A 37_____ needs to be constructed first **答案**：roof 原文定位：When building with straw bales, the first thing that needs to be done is to construct a roof supported by poles ### 38. ● The bales are covered with plaster for protection against 38_____ . ● Advantage - the bales act as efficient insulation ● The bales are covered with plaster for protection against 38_____ . ● Advantage - the bales act as efficient insulation **答案**：insects 原文定位：The bales are then coated with a layer of plaster which seals and protects them and keeps the insects out of them 同义替换：「covered」↔「coated」；「protection against」↔「keeps the insects out of」 ### 39. Bamboo ● This is versatile material ● Advantage - the shape of the bamboo stalks gives them 39_____ . Bamboo ● This is versatile material ● Advantage - the shape of the bamboo stalks gives them 39_____ . **答案**：strength 原文定位：One of its primary advantages is due to the hollow, round, and segmented shape of its individual stalks which give it its strength 同义替换：「the shape of the bamboo stalks」↔「hollow, round, and segmented shape of its individual stalks」 ### 40. ● Disadvantages - not widely available - risk of 40_____ ● Disadvantages - not widely available - risk of 40_____ **答案**：fire 原文定位：And also because it catches fire easily, bamboo can be problematic and potentially dangerous 同义替换：「risk」↔「potentially dangerous」；「disadvantage」↔「drawback」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。