Sleep study on modern-day hunter-gatherers dispels popular notions

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题目与答案

1. 1 Scientists studied hunter-gatherer societies because their sleep patterns are assumed to be similar to those of humans more than 10,000 years ago.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：Cut off from media, electricity and other distractions, these pre-industrial societies are thought to sleep the way humans did more than 10,000 years ago

   同义替换：「hunter-gatherer」↔「pre-industrial」，「assumed to be」↔「thought to」

2. ·scientists found that 10_____ had almost as much influence on sleep patterns as light.

   答案：temperature

   原文定位：They found that it also played a big role, though was somewhat less important than light in influencing sleep patterns

   同义替换：「had almost as much influence」↔「played a big role」

3. Differences between tribespeople and people in industrialised regions

   ·11_____ is something that very few of the tribespeople suffered from

   答案：sleeplessness

   原文定位：Importantly, almost none of them were troubled by sleeplessness

   同义替换：「very few」↔「almost none」，「suffered from」↔「troubled by」

4. ·the environment of tribespeople may have been more suitable for sleep

   ·tribespeople had better fitness than industrialised populations and were not 12_____ .

   答案：overweight

   原文定位：Not a single one is overweight, indicating their overall higher levels of physical fitness

5. ·tribespeople also had stronger 13_____ .

   答案：hearts

   原文定位：They also tended to have healthier hearts

   同义替换：「stronger」↔「healthier」

6. 2 The medical devices used in the research were especially designed for humid conditions.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：NOT GIVEN

   原文定位：Traveling to where they lived, often in humid remote locations, researchers used medical devices to record the sleeping habits

7. 3 Researchers found that tribespeople stayed longer in bed than inhabitants of industrialised regions.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：FALSE

   原文定位：Like many of us, the Hadza, San, and Tsimane spend more time in bed from 6.9 to 8.5 hours - than they do actually sleeping. This adds up to a sleep efficiency that is very similar to today's industrial populations

   同义替换：「tribespeople」↔「Hadza, San, and Tsimane」，「stayed longer」↔「spend more time」，「inhabitants」↔「industrial」

8. 4 Jerome Siegel believes that environment and culture have little effect on sleep patterns.
   • TRUE
   • FALSE
   • NOT GIVEN

   答案：TRUE

   原文定位：evidence suggests sleep habits may not be environmental or cultural, but central to the physical makeup of humans

   同义替换：「believes」↔「suggests」，「have little effect」↔「may not be」

9. New Evidence on Sleep Patterns

   New ideas about napping

   ·scientists have recorded an afternoon drop in 5_____ .

   答案：energy

   原文定位：Scientists have documented that people's energy often falls in the mid-afternoon

   同义替换：「recorded」↔「documented」

10. ·studies of hunter-gatherer societies show that napping was rare and occurred more often during the 6_____ .

    答案：summer

    原文定位：The researchers estimated that naps may have occurred on up to 7 percent of winter days and 22 percent of summer days

11. ·the devices may not have detected 7_____ naps.

    答案：short

    原文定位：their devices were only good at detecting longer naps, so it is possible that some of the study subjects took naps that were short, perhaps 15 minutes or less

    同义替换：「may not have detected」↔「only good at detecting longer naps」

12. Daily activity cycles

    ·the tribespeople went to sleep several hours after sunset

    ·even with 8_____ there was little light

    答案：fires

    原文定位：All three tribes had fires going, but the light itself was much lower than you might get from a light bulb

    同义替换：「little」↔「much lower」

13. ·tribespeople usually woke up around 9_____ .

    答案：sunrise

    原文定位：They did, however, have a tendency to wake up anywhere between an hour before and an hour after sunrise

    同义替换：「usually woke up around」↔「wake up anywhere between an hour before and an hour after」