雅思阅读真题（Part 2）
Part 2 · 考频：超高频 · 最近考试：2026.3.22深圳大学
A
The 17th-century English scholar and botanist John Ray was well aware that he lived through, and participated in, a profound revolution in the way people interacted with nature. In the preface to his Synopsis of British Plants, published in 1690, he gave thanks that he had been born at a time when traditional dependence on the teaching of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE) had given way to a new philosophy based on experiment and observation of the real world, that we now call science.
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答案：Ray's appreciation of his contemporary academic culture
原文定位：he gave thanks that he had been born at a time when traditional dependence on the teaching of the Greek philosopher Aristotle;had given way to a new philosophy based on experiment and observation of the real world, that we now call science
同义替换：「appreciation」↔「gave thanks」，「contemporary academic culture」↔「new philosophy」
答案：a succession of academic achievements
原文定位：He was appointed Lecturer in Greek in 1651, Lecturer in Mathematics in 1653, and Lecturer in Humanities in 1655
同义替换：「academic achievements」↔「Lecturer in Greek」
答案：a change of direction for Ray
原文定位：Almost immediately after graduating, Ray also seems to have developed the interest to which he would devote the rest of his life;the study of the natural world
同义替换：「change of direction」↔「developed the interest to which he would devote the rest of his life」
答案：Ray's informal tuition
原文定位：By the mid-1650s, even the first-year students at Trinity College were able to identify the plants and flowers around Cambridge, as they were being taught (unofficially none of this was part of their formal education) by Ray
同义替换：「informal」↔「unofficially」，「tuition」↔「taught」
答案：Ray's account of his working methods
原文定位：I had first to become familiar with the literature, to compare the plants that I found with the pictures, and when there seemed to be a resemblance, to go fully into any unknown descriptions
答案：a description of the content of Ray's first book
原文定位：It gave the names of plants found in the area around Cambridge and included information about where they grew and how common they were
同义替换：「description of the content」↔「gave the names of」
答案：plans for a bold new project
原文定位：With the support of Francis Willughby, he began to imagine a more comprehensive investigation of nature, one that would attempt to classify living things according to careful observation of their shared characteristics
同义替换：「plans」↔「began to imagine」，「bold new project」↔「comprehensive investigation of nature」
答案：revolution
原文定位：he lived through, and participated in, a profound revolution in the way people interacted with nature
同义替换：「reflected the revolution」↔「lived through a profound revolution」，「people's way of thinking about the natural world」↔「people interacted with nature」
答案：science
原文定位：a new philosophy based on experiment and observation of the real world, that we now call science
同义替换：「approach」↔「philosophy」，「modern field of science」↔「we now call science」
答案：illness
原文定位：he suffered an illness in his early twenties, and was advised to take long walks and ride fresh air while recovering
同义替换：「after a period of illness」↔「suffered an illness」，「spend time outdoors」↔「take long walks」
答案：students
原文定位：By the mid-1650s, even the first-year students at Trinity College were able to identify the plants and flowers around Cambridge, as they were being taught (unofficially none of this was part of their formal education) by Ray
同义替换：「taught many Cambridge students」↔「taught the first-year students at Trinity College」
答案：He was helped by a former student of Cambridge University.,His parents were both valued by the people in their local area.
原文定位：his talents were recognised by a church official, Samuel Covell, who had graduated from Cambridge University in 1600;Through his influence, Ray was admitted to Cambridge University in 1644;His father was a village blacksmith, and his mother was also a respected member of the community