# Architecture in New Zealand in 1960s - 科目：雅思听力真题（Part 4） - 考频：高频 - 最近考试：2024.9.14/2022.9.17 - 题目数：10 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/a6a687e9-a172-4746-8c7e-2df235513a6c（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 00:00:01,860 Architects in New Zealand in the early 20th century were big fans of traditional styles. At that time, they often looked to European models for inspiration and perceived building design from a traditional perspective. The climate, for example, was the top concern when designing the roof. 00:00:22,860 Weather conditions across the country can vary significantly, and regions with frequent rain needed special attention. 00:00:31,220 In areas where the annual precipitation is high, ensuring water could drain efficiently was essential for protecting the structure and longevity of the building. 00:00:41,760 Therefore, proper drainage systems had to be considered. 00:00:45,920 Wood was the most popular choice for house building, mainly due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use. Other materials either weren't affordable or simply weren't accessible in rural parts of the country at the time. 00:01:01,070 The majority of traditional buildings are square in shape, and this wasn't by accident. It was a strategic choice. 00:01:09,480 Straight lines and right angles are easier to construct and more space efficient. 00:01:15,360 Architects believed this approach helped to maximize utilization of interior space, especially in areas where plots of land were relatively small. Additionally, avoiding unusual shapes like curves and diagonal corners made furnishing the interiors much more straightforward. 00:01:35,000 Complex forms not only wasted valuable room but also posed problems when arranging furniture or installing fixtures. 00:01:43,980 As the country progressed, there were several changes New Zealand architects embraced in the 1960s. These changes reflected not only a shift in design philosophy but also improvements in technology and construction methods. The first was a shift to concrete as a material, which gradually replaced timber in many modern buildings. This transition was made possible by construction techniques introduced by immigrants from Europe and Japan who brought with them advanced machinery and engineering knowledge. At the same time, New Zealand, like many other nations, was dealing with financial constraints following global events. 00:02:29,720 Because of the economic impact of the Second World War, resources had to be used wisely. 00:02:37,500 As a result, both private developers and government-backed construction projects were focused on the cost of construction. 00:02:46,440 Minimizing expense while maximizing utility became the dominant goal during this period. 00:02:53,560 That's one of the key factors they considered. They pursued economical designs. 00:03:00,220 Sir Miles Warren's architecture offers a classic example of this country's architectural styles at that time. 00:03:08,160 He became well known for modernizing the traditional aesthetic and for using geometric forms in innovative ways. 00:03:16,980 In many of his works, he integrated repetitive block-like shapes into his works, a feature that became a hallmark of his style. 00:03:26,680 This approach came to be associated with a trend in architecture called brutalism, which emphasized raw materials and strong, bold structures. At the same time, the use of natural materials was changing. He, like others, abandoned some expensive materials such as stone, not just for economic reasons, but also for practicality in mass construction. 00:03:51,680 Meanwhile, car ownership was on the rise and families were becoming increasingly reliant on private vehicles for commuting and daily tasks. As a result, equipping each new house with a garage gradually became trendy. 00:04:06,980 This change was seen not just as a convenience, but as a necessity that architects needed to incorporate into every design for suburban homes. 00:04:16,940 Among other modern housing styles, Lockwood homes, which featured identical walls, stood out for their uniformity and efficient production. 00:04:26,350 These homes were mass-produced and became popular for their quick assembly and affordability. 00:04:33,290 They also gained in popularity, especially among working-class families. However, the design was not without its critics. 00:04:42,800 Some architects and homeowners felt it lacked variety and personal expression, and the buildings were also criticized for this characteristic, a sameness that didn't allow much room for individuality or creativity in layout. 00:04:59,440 Still, few people would have doubts about the architectural changes of this era, especially considering how widespread and influential they became. 00:05:12,020 In urban centers, industrial or business complexes have been designed to resemble towers, a departure from earlier, more horizontal layouts. 00:05:22,630 These tall structures helped maximize space in crowded city districts and symbolized economic development. 00:05:30,630 This has happened elsewhere in some industrialized countries following similar trends seen in places like the UK and Japan. 00:05:40,600 In addition to the overall shape, which served a functional purpose, architects also concentrated on the visual appeal of some detailed designs, such as shadow and colors. 00:05:52,600 These finer aesthetic elements helped modern buildings feel less sterile and more engaging to the eye, improving both their beauty and their emotional impact on residents and visitors alike. ## 题目与答案 ### 31. Traditional Architecture ·The climate was an important consideration for the 31_____ design. Traditional Architecture ·The climate was an important consideration for the 31_____ design. **答案**：roof 原文定位：The climate, for example, was the top concern when designing the roof 同义替换：「an important consideration」↔「the top concern」 ### 32. ·The primary building material was 32_____ . ·The primary building material was 32_____ . **答案**：wood 原文定位：Wood was the most popular choice for house building, mainly due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use 同义替换：「primary」↔「the most popular choice for」 ### 33. ·Most buildings had a 33_____ shape. ·Most buildings had a 33_____ shape. **答案**：square 原文定位：The majority of traditional buildings are square in shape, and this wasn't by accident 同义替换：「Most」↔「The majority of」 ### 34. Changes in the 1960s ·A transition to 34_____ as a material Changes in the 1960s ·A transition to 34_____ as a material **答案**：concrete 原文定位：The first was a shift to concrete as a material, which gradually replaced timber in many modern buildings 同义替换：「transition」↔「shift」 ### 35. ·Paid closer attention to the building 35_____ . ·Paid closer attention to the building 35_____ . **答案**：cost 原文定位：As a result, both private developers and government-backed construction projects were focused on the cost of construction 同义替换：「Paid closer attention to」↔「were focused on」 ### 36. Example ·Sir Miles Warren incorporated brutalism and gave up the use of 36_____ . Example ·Sir Miles Warren incorporated brutalism and gave up the use of 36_____ . **答案**：stone 原文定位：He, like others, abandoned some expensive materials such as stone, not just for economic reasons, but also for practicality in mass construction 同义替换：「gave up」↔「abandoned」 ### 37. ·Every new house has a 37_____ . ·Every new house has a 37_____ . **答案**：garage 原文定位：As a result, equipping each new house with a garage gradually became trendy 同义替换：「Every」↔「each」 ### 38. ·Lockwood houses were criticised for having the same 38_____ . ·Lockwood houses were criticised for having the same 38_____ . **答案**：walls 原文定位：Among other modern housing styles, Lockwood homes, which featured identical walls, stood out for their uniformity and efficient production 同义替换：「same」↔「identical」 ### 39. Value of architectures in 1960s ·Industrial or business buildings look like 39_____ . Value of architectures in 1960s ·Industrial or business buildings look like 39_____ . **答案**：towers 原文定位：In urban centers, industrial or business complexes have been designed to resemble towers, a departure from earlier, more horizontal layouts 同义替换：「buildings」↔「complexes」；「look like」↔「resemble」 ### 40. ·Apart from colours, designers also focused on 40_____ to make buildings visually attractive ·Apart from colours, designers also focused on 40_____ to make buildings visually attractive **答案**：shadow 原文定位：architects also concentrated on the visual appeal of some detailed designs, such as shadow and colors 同义替换：「designers」↔「architects」；「focused on」↔「concentrated on」；「to make buildings visually attractive」↔「on the visual appeal of some detailed designs」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。