Will eating less make you live longer?

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题目与答案

1. a reference to studies based on the same level of calorie reduction with different animals
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：In mice many experiments had come to the same finding: feed them a diet with 30% fewer calories and see a lifespan extension of 40%. The monkey trials were set up a similar way: researchers took the calorie content of a standard monkey diet, cut it by 30% (while continuing to supply all essential nutrients) and monitored whether those monkeys lived longer, healthier lives than those on the standard diet

   同义替换：「same level of calorie reduction」↔「cut it by 30%」

2. a comment that some control monkeys in one study reached a higher age than normal for animals of their kind
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：G

   原文定位：Indeed, Anderson points out that several of the NIA control monkeys have lived past the age of 40, far exceeding the 27-yea average lifespan for captive rhesus monkeys

   同义替换：「higher age than normal」↔「far exceeding the 27-year average lifespan」

3. distinctions between the types of food in each study that may have led to a contrast in findings
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：E

   原文定位：Second, whereas the Wisconsin monkeys were given highly processed food high in sucrose, making it easy to standardise, the NIA diet was based on whole grains, fish oils, and was very low in sugar. These different settings for the normal control diet may provide an explanation of why the two groups showed different results

   同义替换：「distinctions between the types of food」↔「highly processed food high in sucrose」，「led to a contrast in findings」↔「why the two groups showed different results」

4. examples of health problems which monkeys on calorie-restricted diets were less likely to get
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：C

   原文定位：Compared to well-fed control animals, the lean monkeys were living longer and suffering less from the diseases of ageing: diabetes, heart disease and brain diseases

   同义替换：「health problems」↔「diabetes, heart disease and brain diseases」，「less likely to get」↔「suffering less from」，「calorie-restricted diets」↔「calorie restriction」

5. a researcher's negative opinion of a calorie-restricted diet
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：Rozalyn Anderson;I find the idea monumentally unattractive

   同义替换：「negative opinion」↔「monumentally unattractive」，「calorie-restricted diet」↔「calorie restriction」

6. a reference to the stage in the monkeys' lives at which research commenced in one study
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：The Wisconsin study began with monkeys in early adulthood

   同义替换：「stage in the monkeys' lives」↔「early adulthood」，「research commenced」↔「began」

7. It is good that the two studies took dissimilar approaches.
   • Rozalyn Anderson
   • Julie Mattison
   • Leonie Heilbronn

   答案：Rozalyn Anderson

   原文定位：The fact the two studies were set up differently, asking the same question in different ways I think we will gain maximally from that

   同义替换：「dissimilar approaches」↔「in different ways」，「benefit」↔「gain maximally from that」

8. Neither study used diets that are typical for monkeys.
   • Rozalyn Anderson
   • Julie Mattison
   • Leonie Heilbronn

   答案：Leonie Heilbronn

   原文定位：However, neither group had the right notion of a standard diet according to Leonie Heilbronn, who researches calorie restriction and healthy ageing at the University of Adelaide in Australia. Heilbronn points out that the NIA controls were a very healthy set o monkeys and leaner than a control monkey should be. On the other hand, she notes, the Wisconsin controls were a little bigger than they had to be

   同义替换：「study」↔「group」，「not typical」↔「had the right notion of a standard diet」

9. Calorie restriction is a method of finding out about health issues connected with ageing.
   • Rozalyn Anderson
   • Julie Mattison
   • Leonie Heilbronn

   答案：Rozalyn Anderson

   原文定位：We study it because it is so effective at delaying ageing and the onset of age-related disease. It's a way to tease out what it is that creates increased disease vulnerability as a function of age

   同义替换：「method of finding out」↔「a way to tease out」，「health issues connected with ageing」↔「disease vulnerability as a function of age」

10. Calorie reduction will have a positive effect on people who have unhealthy diets.
    • Rozalyn Anderson
    • Julie Mattison
    • Leonie Heilbronn

    答案：Julie Mattison

    原文定位：Julie Mattison, head of the NIA study, observes that an overweight person who goes to a fast food restaurant every day will obviously benefit if their calories are cut back by 30%

    同义替换：「unhealthy diets」↔「fast food restaurant every day」，「positive effect」↔「will obviously benefit」，「calorie reduction」↔「calories are cut back by 30%」

11. Agreement between the two studies on calorie restriction in rhesus monkeys

    The two studies were in agreement that it is beneficial to cut calories, in terms of health. Monkeys whose calories were restricted suffered fewer diseases that are associated with the 24_____ process.

    答案：ageing

    原文定位：Both studies agree that cutting calories is beneficial to health in both cases the calorie-restricted monkeys had fewer diseases related to ageing

    同义替换：「associated with」↔「related to」

12. Anderson and Mattison have undertaken research to determine if a calorie- restricted diet increases primates' 25_____ .

    答案：lifespan

    原文定位：As to the question of whether calorie restriction extends lifespan in primates, Anderson and Mattison are currently working together to compare the two studies' raw data

    同义替换：「increase」↔「extends」

13. Although there is a 26_____ between the two sets of data, Anderson believes they will help researchers reach a better understanding.

    答案：conflict

    原文定位：The current data conflict will ultimately provide deeper insights into ageing, Anderson predicts