# The biophilic design - 科目：雅思阅读真题（Part 2） - 考频：超高频 - 最近考试：2023.12.9 - 题目数：12 - 来源页：https://www.yaquan.site/paper/b6730286-193e-43ae-b8cf-a45c7726d6c0（在线机考练习与音频请访问该页面） - 数据更新：2026-10-29 ## 题目原文 A Biophilic design, a movement related to green architecture, has gained much momentum within the building community in recent years. The premise of biophilic design seeks both to avoid or minimize harmful impacts on the natural environment, and equally importantly, to provide and restore beneficial contacts between people and nature in the built environment. B People have a psychologically developed need to commune with nature but this has frequently been neglected. All too often, architects have put creative originality before the needs of the people who have to live and work in their futuristic constructions, with scant regard for emotional, as well as practical, considerations. Biophilic design does not advocate tree houses or cave-dwelling, but it data provide the nature-based features that maximize human functioning and health. Though not technically a biophilic design. Fallingwater - the stunning house in rural Pennsylvania designed in the 1930s by Frank Lloyd Wright - arguably speaks to the human soul much more than the boxlike blocks of flats designed by his contemporary Le Corbusier. C In the modern world, much of our built environment is obstructing the age-old connection between humans and nature. The rates of technological progress are far exceeding rates of psychological evolution, leaving at ill-equipped to cope with our lifestyle, which in turn leads to increased stress. Because biophilia attempts to integrate basic and current needs, it can alleviate the difficulties caused by the brain's constant attempts to function in a modern environment it has not yet evolved to handle. For example, one crucial element of the natural landscape to human health is sunlight. We are evolutionarily programmed to respond positively to sunny areas over dark or overcast ones, and sense that they will foster restoration, improve emotional well-being and promote health. D Because of its tremendous impact on human psychology, biophilic design plays a vital role in healthcare and healthcare delivery. The current healthcare system contains many flaws, especially in its physical spaces. Hospitals, clinics, and offices are high-stress environment for patients, visitors and healthcare professionals alike. One well-known study looked at the impact of nature on patients after surgery. One group had a view of a tree; the others had a window looking onto a brick wall. The first group had shorter hospital stays, received fewer negative comments from the nurses, required fewer analgesics, and had slightly fewer post-operative complications. E As a consequence of this and other studies, nature and nature-based design have been integrated into the physical design of many hospitals. For example, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DIIMC) in New Hampshire boasts an atrium design, illuminating the entire facility. Natural elements also permeate the building, including wood, stone, and numerous live plants. While DIIMC wat built to incorporate these qualities, other hospitals have had biophilic features added to existing structures. The application of biophilia's concepts to interior design in hospitals has increased substantially as administrators have witnessed patients' positive responses to nature. F Many existing buildings contain biophilic elements, but only a few have been built with the specific idea of biophilic design in mind. One such building is the Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College, in Ohio. The director of Oberlin's Environmental Studies Program, David Orr, explained the building's goals were 'to create not just a place for classes but rather a building that would help to redefine the relationship between humankind and the environment - one that would expand our sense of ecological possibilities'. The Lewis Center is sustainable in a broader sense than in the typical application of the word. It harnesses solar power, utilizes both active and passive air systems, and monitors the weather to adapt to conditions. The Center's 'Living Machine' treats wastewater by combining traditional wastewater technology with wetland ecosystems' purification processes, producing water that can be used in the toilets and for irrigation. In their design, Orr and his team of architects engineered a healthy and comfortable space for students, while ensuring the surrounding environment was undamaged. G Another example is the University of Guelph-Humber building in Ontario, Canada. It contains a centrally located bio-wall, vertically spanning the building. The wall is covered in dense foliage which not only connects people to nature on the inside of the building, but also functions as a new filtration system prototype. The wall purifies the air and has the potential to fulfill the building's fresh air intake requirements. This is another example of how biophilic design principles can be applied in a variety of contexts. These examples prove that the built environment need not interfere with biological human needs to commune with nature, nor with existing ecological systems. H Ancient architects built for their cultures, which were almost always more in touch with the earth than western society of the present. They mimicked nature's forms, producing magnificent structures with which we are still awed - though biophilic design is a novel concept, they certainly employed sonic of its recommendations. Today, we can add another layer to this tradition and ensure maximal benefit for our planet and ourselves. ## 题目与答案 ### 14. a description of how rapid change has a negative effect on people a description of how rapid change has a negative effect on people - A - B - C - D - E - F **答案**：C 原文定位：The rates of technological progress are far exceeding rates of psychological evolution, leaving us ill;equipped to cope with our lifestyle, which in turn leads to increased stress; 同义替换：「negative effect on people」↔「leads to increased stress」 ### 15. a reference to an architect whose designs were uncharacteristic of biophilia a reference to an architect whose designs were uncharacteristic of biophilia - A - B - C - D - E - F **答案**：B 原文定位：boxlike blocks of flats designed by his contemporary Le Corbusier 同义替换：「designs were uncharacteristic of biophilia」↔「boxlike blocks of flats」；「an architect」↔「Le Corbusier」 ### 16. a definition of the two main aims of biophilia a definition of the two main aims of biophilia - A - B - C - D - E - F **答案**：A 原文定位：The premise of biophilic design seeks both to avoid or minimize harmful impacts on the natural environment, and equally importantly, to provide and restore beneficial contacts between people and nature in the built environment 同义替换：「a definition」↔「The premise of biophilic design」 ### 17. a positive claim about early forms of architecture a positive claim about early forms of architecture - A - B - C - D - E - F **答案**：H 原文定位：Ancient architects built for their cultures, which were almost always more in touch with the earth than western society of the present. They mimicked nature's forms, producing magnificent structures with which we are still awed 同义替换：「early forms of architecture」↔「Ancient architects」 ### 18. a reference to the fact that many architects are too focused on innovation a reference to the fact that many architects are too focused on innovation - A - B - C - D - E - F **答案**：B 原文定位：architects have put creative originality before the needs of the people who have to live and work in their futuristic constructions, with scant regard for emotional, as well as practical, considerations 同义替换：「too focused on innovation」↔「put creative originality before the needs」 ### 19. a description of features which conserve energy in a biophilic design a description of features which conserve energy in a biophilic design - A - B - C - D - E - F **答案**：F 原文定位：It harnesses solar power, utilizes both active and passive air systems, and monitors the weather to adapt to conditions 同义替换：「features which conserve energy」↔「harnesses solar power, utilizes both active and passive air systems」 ### 20. 20 In the modern world, _____ advancements are happening so quickly that humans are unable to adjust to them. 20 In the modern world, _____ advancements are happening so quickly that humans are unable to adjust to them. **答案**：technological 原文定位：The rates of technological progress are far exceeding rates of psychological evolution;leaving at ill;equipped to cope with our lifestyle; 同义替换：「advancements」↔「progress」；「so quickly」↔「far exceeding」；「unable to adjust」↔「ill-equipped to cope」 ### 21. 21 Biophilia can help us deal with the _____ caused by the difficulties of our current lifestyles. 21 Biophilia can help us deal with the _____ caused by the difficulties of our current lifestyles. **答案**：stress 原文定位：leaving us ill;equipped to cope with our lifestyle, which in turn leads to increased stress;Because biophilia attempts to integrate basic and current needs;it can alleviate the difficulties caused by the brain's constant attempts to function in a modern environment it has not yet evolved to handle 同义替换：「deal with」↔「alleviate」；「caused by the difficulties of our current lifestyles」↔「leads to increased stress」 ### 22. 22 People instinctively feel more comfortable in places which have plenty of _____, something which is necessary for health and well-being. 22 People instinctively feel more comfortable in places which have plenty of _____, something which is necessary for health and well-being. **答案**：sunlight 原文定位：We are evolutionarily programmed to respond positively to sunny areas over dark or overcast ones, and sense that they will foster restoration, improve emotional well-being and promote health 同义替换：「instinctively feel more comfortable」↔「evolutionarily programmed to respond positively」；「plenty of」↔「sunny areas」；「necessary for health and well-being」↔「foster restoration, improve emotional well-being and promote health」 ### 23. 23 An experiment designed to test the effect of nature on patient recovery times found that those who could see a _____ made a faster recovery. 23 An experiment designed to test the effect of nature on patient recovery times found that those who could see a _____ made a faster recovery. **答案**：tree 原文定位：One group had a view of a tree; the others had a window looking onto a brick wall. The first group had shorter hospital stays 同义替换：「patient recovery times」↔「shorter hospital stays」 ### 24. 24 There is a biophilic design feature in the University of Guelph-Humber building which improves the quality of the _____ . 24 There is a biophilic design feature in the University of Guelph-Humber building which improves the quality of the _____ . **答案**：air 原文定位：The wall purifies the air and has the potential to fulfill the building's fresh air intake requirements 同义替换：「improves the quality of」↔「purifies」 ### 25-26. Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about the Adam Joseph Lewis Center at Oberlin College? Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about the Adam Joseph Lewis Center at Oberlin College? - It was the first educational establishment designed with biophilic principles. - It is beneficial for both students and the environment. - It has established new concepts for classroom design. - It aims to inspire new ways of thinking about the environment. - It provides solar power to other buildings in the surrounding area. **答案**：It is beneficial for both students and the environment.,It aims to inspire new ways of thinking about the environment. 原文定位：engineered a healthy and comfortable space for students, while ensuring the surrounding environment was undamaged;a building that would help to redefine the relationship between humankind and the environment;one that would expand our sense of ecological possibilities; 同义替换：「inspire new ways of thinking」↔「redefine the relationship」 --- 以上内容由鸭圈雅思真题库（www.yaquan.site）提供，收录近期雅思考试真题回忆，支持在线机考模式免费练习。