Nature's positive effects on well-being

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题目与答案

1. a comparison of people walking in busy urban areas and people walking in nature
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：E

   原文定位：Japanese researchers led by Yoshifumi Miyazaki at Chiba University sent 84 subjects to stroll in seven different forests, while the same number of volunteers walked around city centres

   同义替换：「comparison」↔「while」，「people walking in busy urban areas」↔「volunteers walked around city centres」，「people walking in nature」↔「subjects to stroll in seven different forests」

2. an outline of ideas from the past about the health benefits of nature
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：A

   原文定位：Throughout history, nature has been associated with improving people's health and well-being, and some have been designated for this purpose. Cyrus the Great, the successful Persian Emperor, built gardens for relaxation in the busy capital of Persepolis some 2 500 years ago. The 16th-century German-Swiss physician, Paracelsus, wrote, 'The art of healing comes from nature, not from the physician.' Later, in 1865, the great landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted had already designed Central Park in New York City; he was convinced that beautiful green spaces should exist for all people to enjoy. As well as creating the world's first national parks, he claimed that nature had healing powers

   同义替换：「from the past」↔「Throughout history」，「health benefits of nature」↔「nature had healing powers」

3. details of research where subjects looked at images of nature accompanied by recordings
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：D

   原文定位：For example, in Sweden, physician Matilda van den Bosch found that after a stressful math test, subjects' heart rate variability — which decreases with stress — returned to normal more quickly when they sat through 15 minutes of nature scenes and birdsong in a 3-D virtual-reality room than when in a plain room

   同义替换：「images of nature」↔「nature scenes」，「accompanied by recordings」↔「birdsong」

4. a description of how a specific part of the brain responds to nature
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：Strayer has found support for his hypothesis that being in nature allows the prefrontal cortex, the brain's command centre, to dial down and rest, like an over-used muscle

   同义替换：「a specific part of the brain」↔「the prefrontal cortex」

5. Simply having your home near nature improves your health outcomes.
   • Paracelsus
   • David Strayer
   • Richard Mitchell
   • Matilda van den Bosch
   • Yoshifumi Miyazaki
   • Shin Won Sop

   答案：Richard Mitchell

   原文定位：Richard Mitchell, an epidemiologist at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, carried out a large study and found less disease in people who lived near parks or other green space — even if they didn't use these green spaces

   同义替换：「nature」↔「green space」，「improves your health outcomes」↔「found less disease」

6. Being in nature improves energy levels and helps us think better.
   • Paracelsus
   • David Strayer
   • Richard Mitchell
   • Matilda van den Bosch
   • Yoshifumi Miyazaki
   • Shin Won Sop

   答案：David Strayer

   原文定位：When we slow down, stop the busy work, and take in beautiful natural surroundings, not only do we feel physically refreshed, but our mental performance improves too

   同义替换：「Being in nature」↔「take in beautiful natural surroundings」，「improves energy levels」↔「feel physically refreshed」，「helps us think better」↔「mental performance improves」

7. A feature of human development is to respond to input from nature.
   • Paracelsus
   • David Strayer
   • Richard Mitchell
   • Matilda van den Bosch
   • Yoshifumi Miyazaki
   • Shin Won Sop

   答案：Yoshifumi Miyazaki

   原文定位：Miyazaki believes our bodies and brains relax in pleasant, natural surroundings because our senses have evolved to interpret information about plants and streams, not traffic and high-rise buildings

   同义替换：「A feature of human development」↔「our senses have evolved」，「respond to input from nature」↔「interpret information about plants and streams」

8. Doing more than one thing at a time causes errors.
   • A
   • B
   • C
   • D
   • E
   • F

   答案：B

   原文定位：Human brains are prone to mistakes, especially when multitasking

   同义替换：「Doing more than one thing at a time」↔「multitasking」，「causes errors」↔「are prone to mistakes」

9. Nature and Public Health in Finland and South Korea

   As part of their 22_____ for public health, some governments encourage more contact with nature.

   答案：policy

   原文定位：In some countries, governments are promoting nature experiences as a public-health policy

   同义替换：「encourage more contact with nature」↔「are promoting nature experiences」

10. In Finland, for example, the recommendation is that each 23_____ people should spend at least five hours in nature.

    答案：month

    原文定位：Professor Liisa Tyrväinen and her team at the Natural Resources Institute Finland recommend a minimum nature dose of five hours a month — several short visits to the countryside — to prevent mental illness

    同义替换：「at least」↔「a minimum nature dose of」

11. South Koreans in particular have demonstrated a great deal of 24_____ in their promotion of the health benefits of nature.

    答案：enthusiasm

    原文定位：Perhaps no nation has embraced the medicalization of nature with more enthusiasm than the South Koreans

    同义替换：「a great deal of」↔「more」，「promotion of the health benefits of nature」↔「embraced the medicalization of nature」

12. A survey by Samsung has linked the very long South Korean work hours with depression. The South Korean government is promoting healing forests, and aims soon to have one near most large 25_____ .

    答案：towns

    原文定位：Official healing forests, where people relax in nature, are now popular in South Korea and many more are planned so that people in nearly all major towns will be close to one

    同义替换：「most large」↔「nearly all major」

13. There is evidence that these healing forests contribute to the 26_____ of the surrounding areas and also keep medical costs down.

    答案：economies

    原文定位：Shin has data suggesting that forest healing reduces medical costs and benefits local economies

    同义替换：「contribute to」↔「benefits」，「surrounding areas」↔「local」，「keep medical costs down」↔「reduces medical costs」